Background: The continuing growth of the world population has become an urgent global problem. Ethiopia, like most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, is experiencing rapid population growth at a rate of 2.6%. Promotion of family planning in countries with high birth rates has the potential to reduce poverty and hunger and avert 32% of all maternal deaths and nearly 10% of childhood death. Objective: To estimate prevalence and associated factors of modern contraceptive utilization among married women in reproductive age group in Misha Woreda Hadiya Zone, South Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to June 2013. Multistage Stratified sampling technique was employed for the study. I interviewed 581 currently married women of reproductive age group (15-49) years. The collected data was entered and analyzed using EPI-INFO version 3.5 and SPSS version 16.0 statistical program. Crude and adjusted odds ratios from bi-variant and multi-variant analyses were used to measure association between modern contraceptive use and independent variables. Results: The prevalence of modern contraceptive method was 23.924% with 95% CI (0.205%,0.273%). Final multiple logistic regression analysis showed that residence [(OR 2.86 with 95% CI (1.13,7.28)], possession of radio [(OR 3.43 with 95% CI (2.07,5.68)], income [(OR 5.00 with 95% CI (2.11,11.85)], knowledge [(OR 4.92 with 95% CI (3.05,7.93)] and communication with their partners [OR 3.3 with 95% CI (1.36,9.66)] were found significantly associated with utilization of family planning methods. Conclusion: The utilization of modern contraceptive method was low. Contraceptive utilization was associated with some socioeconomic , socio-demographic and socio-psychological factors like age, residence, family monthly income, knowledge and spousal communication. It is also associated with different sources of information. Recommendation: One to five health development armies should be strengthen by Woreda health office, health facilities and health posts to improve modern contraceptive use to achieve Millennium development goals.

In spite of all the various programs and strategies to promote the use of research finding, there is still gap between theory and practice. A number of studies from various countries have reported that nurses' experience of evidence-based practice is low. In Ethiopia, there is an information gap on the extent of evidence based nursing practice and its associated factors. The study aims to assess the implementation of evidence based nursing practice and associated factors among nurses in Jimma zone public hospitals. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1-30/2015. A total of 333 sampled nurses for quantitative and 8 in-depth interview of key informants were involved in the study. Semi-structured questionnaire was adapted from funk's BARRIER scale and Friedman's test. Pretest was done on 17 nurses of Bedele hospital. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine factors of evidence based nursing practice. Of 333 distributed questionnaires, 302 were completed, giving 90.6% response rate. Of 302 participants, 245 were involved in EBP activities different levels. About 45 (18.4%) had implemented evidence based practice to low level, 42% had implemented evidence based practice to medium level and 39.6% of the respondents had implemented evidence based practice to high level. The first greatest perceived barrier was setting characteristic. Knowledge about research evidence was positively associated with implementation of evidence based nursing practice. Similarly, place of graduation was positively associated with implementation of evidence based nursing practice. Small number of participants had implemented EPB frequently. Evidence-based nursing practice was positively associated with knowledge of research, place where respondents graduated, and the availability of information resources. Organizational factors were found to be the greatest perceived barrier. Intervention programs on awareness creation, training, resource provision, and curriculum issues to improve implementation of evidence based nursing practice by stakeholders are recommended.

Background: Severe pneumonia is still the greatest infectious cause of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five around the world. Each night spent in the hospital raises the chance of bad drug responses, infections, and ulcers by 0.5%, 1.6%, and 0.5%, respectively. In Southern Ethiopia, as well as the research area, little is known regarding death and recovery time from severe pneumonia and their determinants. Objective: To determine time to recovery from severe pneumonia and its predictors among children 2-59 months of age admitted to pediatric ward of Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods: A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among children 2-59 months of age. Three years' medical records, from January 2017 to December 2020, were reviewed. A total of 280 children with severe pneumonia were included. In the case of survival time, median was calculated. Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to estimate recovery time from severe pneumonia, and the independent effects of covariates on recovery time were analyzed using multivariable Cox-proportional hazard model. Results: The median time to recovery was 4 days (interquartile range = 3, 5). The incidence rate of recovery was 24.16 per 100 person-days. Underweight (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.38-0.80), age group 12-35 months (adjusted hazard ratio= 2.0, 95% CI=1.30-3.30), treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin (adjusted hazard ratio= 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13-0.80), and antibiotic change (adjusted hazard ratio= 0.34, 95% CI = 0.21-0.53) were statistically significant predictors of time to recovery from severe pneumonia. Conclusion:The median length of stay in the hospital was short (4 days [interquartile range =3, 5]). Time to recover from severe pneumonia was significantly influenced by being underweight, age, antibiotics administered first, and antibiotic change. Measures such as providing nutritious meals to children and ensuring that underweight children are properly managed should be bolstered.

Background Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are one of the long-acting, safe and effective methods of contraception in women across the world. However, this method is underutilised in many countries, including Ethiopia. Several quantitative studies have been used to address this problem and generated a list of factors associated with this problem. However, this list lacks detailed and local contexts that are necessary to inform local solutions. The current study uses a qualitative method to explore determinants of IUDs underutilization among short term modern contraceptive users from the maternal health services in the study setting. The use of a qualitative study design is necessary to obtain and rich contextual details that can inform the development of locally appropriate strategies to increase the IUDs uptake in the study area and improve women’s reproductive health outcomes. Method A qualitative study was conducted in Hossana town public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia from November 1–30, 2019. A total of thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted including with: 11 short term contraceptive users, one health centre head and one health extension worker. The interview guide comprised semi-structured questions. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and collected data analysed thematically. Result The main key determinants of IUDs service underutilisation were identified from participants’ narratives, including: (1) poor knowledge about the benefits of IUDs, (2) insufficient counselling and ineffective delivery of health information to aid women in decision making, (3) the absence of trained health personals, and shortage of supplies. Conclusion Results indicate that the poor utilisation of IUDs services is determined by both the service provider and the consumer related factors. Poor knowledge of short term users of contraception is a critical factor because without knowledge, clients may not use the available services effectively. The shortage of necessary supplies, poor provider–client relationships, and poor counselling by service providers are also service factors that act as barriers to uptake of IUDs. Efforts should be made to increase IUDs utilization by focusing on educating women about the importance of IUDs, improving counselling of mothers and strengthening the health systems, including allocating more resources to increase access to IUDs among the service users.

Background: Patient safety is crucial to the quality of patient care and remains challenging for countries at all levels of development. There is a popular acknowledgement of the importance of establishing patient safety culture in healthcare organizations. As a result, assessing patient safety culture and frequent event reporting in healthcare organizations has become a common activity to improve quality of health care.

BackgroundIntrauterine devices (IUDs) are one of the long-acting, safe and effective methods of contraception in women across the world. However, this method is underutilised in many countries, including Ethiopia. Several quantitative studies have been used to address this problem and generated a list of factors associated with this problem. However, this list lacks detailed and local contexts that are necessary to inform local solutions. The current study uses a qualitative method to explore determinants of IUDs underutilization among short term modern contraceptive users from the maternal health services in the study setting. The use of a qualitative study design is necessary to obtain and rich contextual details that can inform the development of locally appropriate strategies to increase the IUDs uptake in the study area and improve women’s reproductive health outcomes.MethodA qualitative study was conducted in Hossana town public health facilities, southern Ethiopia from November 1–30, 2019. A total of thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted including with: 11 short term contraceptive users, one health centre head and one health extension worker. The interview guide comprised semi-structured questions. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and collected data analysed thematically.ResultThe main key determinants of IUDs service underutilisation were identified from participants’ narratives, including: (i) poor knowledge about the benefits of IUDs, (ii) insufficient counselling and ineffective delivery of health information to aid women in decision making, (iii) the absence of trained health personals, and shortage of supplies.ConclusionResults indicate that the poor utilisation of IUDs services is determined by both the service provider and the consumer related factors. Poor knowledge of short term users of contraception is a critical factor because without knowledge, clients may not use the available services effectively. The shortage of necessary supplies, poor provider-client relationships, and poor counselling by service providers are also service factors that act as barriers to uptake of IUDs. Efforts should be made to increase IUDs utilization by focusing on educating women about the importance of IUDs, improving counselling of mothers and strengthening the health systems, including allocating more resources to increase access to IUDs among the service users.