This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
The callus culture of Thalictrum javanicum Blume was generated from leaf, node and internodal explants. Different growth regulators are greatly influenced in the growth of callus cultures. The callus was obtained from leaf, node and internodal explants by inoculating them on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of growth regulators viz., auxins (IAA, NAA), and cytokinin (BAP) were used. The supplementation of medium with BAP (3.8) and IAA (0.1) was suitable for the efficient callus induction when compared with others.
Fructose is a potent stimulator of liver lipogenesis but little is known about the regulation of small intestinal (SI) genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, even though the SI contributes 10–40% of total body triglycerides. We pair‐fed two groups of 16 d old rats high fructose or glucose (control) solutions for 16 consecutive d (16F or 16G), and another two groups for 8 d followed by 8 d without sugars (8F or 8G) to evaluate the long‐term effects of fructose on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism. The expression of the fructose transporter GLUT5 was high in the liver, SI and kidney but only in the SI did fructose markedly upregulate GLUT5. In the liver but not in the SI of 16F fed rats, expression of lipogenic enzymes (FAS, HmGCoA, and Malic Enzyme 1) and the triglyceride transfer protein MTP were much greater than that in 16G, 8F and 8G. In the SI, withdrawal of sugar feeding in 16F and 16G markedly inhibited the expression of Malic Enzymes 1 and 3, MTP and HmGCoA in comparison with 8F and 8G. Expression of these genes in the kidney was not affected by sugar consumption regardless of feeding duration, indicating that lipogenic genes cannot be regulated in organs not involved in fatty acid synthesis. In contrast, genes involved in fatty acid synthesis are specifically stimulated by fructose in the liver but inhibited by both glucose and fructose in the small intestine. Support: NIH RDK075617A, NSF IOS‐0722365
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.