The central aim of this study was to explore the academic engagement trajectories of a sample of recently arrived immigrant students from Latin America. Using an analytic framework that can dynamically model time-sensitive fluctuations (HLM; [Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchicical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (2nd Edition ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications]), we explored how initial engagement, gender, and support from caring adults at school shaped youths' engagement over time. Students reported a range of engagement trajectories, with gender and support emerging as important predictors of youths' engagement trajectories. Additionally, perceptions of support fluctuated from year to year, and these fluctuations were linked to youths' academic engagement. The findings point to associations between support perceptions and engagement, including links between students' current academic motivation and effort and their current connections with adults. Taken together, the findings present a nuanced portrait of academic engagement and suggest how relationships at school might facilitate positive academic adjustment among Latin American immigrant students over time. Implications for future research, public policy, and practice are discussed.
The goal is wherever possible to remove or reduce physical, sensual, and Intellectual barriers to access and to ensure that all aspects of art galleries, exhibitions and activities are accessible as possible for adults and children with mild disabilities to profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD).In this presentation I will review the experience of the children while visiting at an exhibition and taking part of a creative session, being exposed to multi sensory (everyday life) props and using facilities, which are being adapted to their abilities.I will discuss the engagement of the children through sensory activities and/or stimulations placing with in the art context followed by questions raised in regarding to their perceptions and experiences of the artwork and/or activity. For children with PMLD taking part in an arts-based activity, a visit to the gallery goes beyond the art work and include the impact of new physical surroundings; echoes in different rooms is very exciting for some children and can prompt exceptional responses. New experiences, such as looking at a striking artwork, listening to a soundscape or making work, invite these children to respond directly to what they are seeing, hearing, smelling or doing.The experience facilitates new ways to communicate and can help the children to better understand the world around them. Fundamental to using creative arts to communicate with children with PMLD is the opportunity to develop a set of arts-related experiences that incorporate a range of senses; visual stimulations, temperature, touch and smell are all powerful ways to reach children who face a complex set of communication challenges.
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