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The dimerization behavior of the methylviologen cation radical (MV,+) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium decyl sulfate (SdecS), and sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) was examined by using the visible spectral characteristics of solutions containing electrogenerated MV'+. The results indicate that the concentration of either SDS or SdecS micellar aggregates exerts a strong effect on the extent of dimerization. Thus, negligible dimerization was found at high levels of surfactant while extensive dimerization was observed at surfactant concentrations slightly above the corresponding critical micelle concentrations. This behavior was reasonably well simulated by a simple computational model based on the Poisson distribution. The dimerization pattern in the presence of PSS was quite different. The polyelectrolyte was found to increase the dimerization level, throughout the entire concentration range surveyed (5-100 mM), over that found in isotropic aqueous solutions. This was interpreted as the result of MV*+ clustering triggered by the polyelectrolyte chains.

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Racial/ethnic disparities persist in the pediatric HL population despite modern treatment; underlying causes of these disparities are complex and need further examination.

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BackgroundEarly and rapid growth in Infants is strongly associated with early development and persistence of obesity in young children. Substantial research has linked child obesity/overweight to increased risks for serious health outcomes, which include adverse physical, psychological, behavioral, or social consequences.Methods/designThe goal of this study is to compare the effectiveness of structured Community Health Worker (CHW)- provided home visits, using an intervention created through community-based participatory research, to standard care received through the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) office visits in preventing the development of overweight (weight/length ≥85th percentile) and obesity (weight/length ≥95th percentile) in infants during their first 3 years of life. One hundred forty pregnant women in their third trimester (30–36 weeks) will be recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention or control group.DiscussionThis study will provide prospective data on the effects of an intervention to prevent childhood obesity in children at high risk for obesity due to ethnicity, income, and maternal body mass index (BMI). It will have wide-ranging applicability and the potential for rapid dissemination through the WIC program, and will demonstrate the effectiveness of a community approach though employing CHWs in preventing obesity during the first 3 years of life. This easy-to-implement obesity prevention intervention can be adapted for many locales and diverse communities and can provide evidence for policy change to influence health throughout life.Trial registrationClinical Trials Number: NCT01905072

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This Forum article examines how the museum field has addressed illness, disability, death, and overall health with a variety of techniques. Using the Curator archive, the authors trace the evolution of dialogue about health and wellness in museums, both for visitors and staff. The authors frame the importance of these universal topics as issues of equity and inclusion with the belief that museums can utilize them to build emotional connections and spur action for social justice.