The present investigation explored the link between an individual's selfesteem and willingness to seek help under conditions in which future reciprocity is, or is not, expected Based on past research on (a) the effects of perceived opportunity to reciprocate on help seeking, and (b) the effects of self-esteem on help-seeking and receiving, it was expected that relative to low self-esteem individuals, high self-esteem individuals would he more committed to the norm of reciprocity in interpersonal helping, and be more reluctant to seek help which cannot be reciprocated Two studies were conducted In the first it was observed that the higher the level of selfesteem the more the expressed commitment to the norm of reciprocity as measured by scores on an especially designed scale The second study assessed actual help-seeking behavior, and found that least help was sought by high self-esteem individuals who did not foresee an opportunity for future reciprocity The conceptual and applied implications of these findings are discussed In recent years increasing attention has been deyoted by sociai psychologists to the study of help-seeking behayior This research has been pursued from basic-theoretical (e g , and apphed perspectiyes (eg, Nadler, Fisher, & DePaulo, 1983) and indicates that people in need often fail to use existing sources of help because ofthe open admission of inadequacy associated with the seeking of help Past research has delineated the aid-related conditions that moderate the intensity of this threat to self-esteem in help-seeking, which affects the likelihood that helpseeking will or
It is accepted that obese individuals have a body-image (61) disturbance. We assumed that distorted size estimations are a characteristic 61 disturbance in the obese and that their 81 is on a developmentally lower level than in controls. The hypotheses were that in the obese there would be less differentiation between kinaesthetically and graphically expressed 51 and between BI and personality variables. The subjects were 74 obese and 66 nonobese women, matched in demographic variables. They were administered individually a Body-Size Estimation task, Human Figure Drawing, Fear of Death questionnaire, and TAT cards. The results were that in the obese, body-size estimations were correlated more with the width and pathological signs in the drawings, MMPl scales, fear of death, and TAT themes. The findings supported the hypotheses and imply that in the obese the BI constitutes a favorable medium for projections. It is recommended to complement the between-group by the within-group approach.
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