Abdominal polyorchidism is rare. We report a case and review the literature. We suggest a very watchful abdominal evaluation of patients for a second ipsilateral testis who are operated for undescent testis. Polyorchidism is a very rare anomaly which requires definitive histological diagnosis. Although imaging techniques may be helpful in the diagnosis, it's mostly incidentally found in surgical exploration. Patients may present with pain or scrotal swelling. Most commonly abnormalities are maldescent (40%), hernia (30%), torsion (15%), hydrocele (9%) and malignancy (6%).
Our infection rate of DJS and urine is 18% which is not very high. Routine DJS cultures are not needed as the same microorganisms grow in urine cultures. No age or sex relation to the infections is found. Antibiotic prophylaxis is effective in preventing clinically ouvert infectious diseases.
High inguinal ligation is effective in the treatment of painful varicocele in highly selected patients. Prospective randomized studies are needed comparing surgical and conservative treatments.
Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a high-grade neoplasm of the bladder which has a transitional, squamous or undifferentiated malign epitelial component and having areas with a sarcoma-like appearence. Most patients with sarcomatoid carcinoma are elderly males. The death rate is about 50% in these cases. Urethelial and renal pelvis involvement may occur. Metastases develop in regional lymph nodes and distant organs. In this case report, a patient who is diagnosed to have sarcomatoid carcinoma of bladder with human chorionic gonadotropin positivity, is presented and the literature is reviewed.
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