Highlights
Burnout among attending neurosurgeons is associated with factors related to uncertainty and workflow changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Career satisfaction is associated with cerebrovascular subspecialty training and willingness to pursue neurosurgery again if given the choice.
Support for attending neurosurgeons is recommended during the transition to caring for patients in the COVID-19 era.
Highlights
U.S. neurosurgery residents report moderate burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Neurosurgery residents report uncertainty about future healthcare reform & earnings.
The COVID-19 pandemic may impair residents’ achievement of surgical milestones.
Burnout is associated with altered rotation or vacation schedules and lower PGY.
Career satisfaction is associated with delivery of neurosurgical patient care.
wound infections delay healing and result in invasive complications such as osteomyelitis, especially in the setting of diabetic foot ulcers. In preclinical animal models of skin infection, antibody neutralization of alpha-toxin (AT), an-secreted pore-forming cytolytic toxin, reduces disease severity by inhibiting skin necrosis and restoring effective host immune responses. However, whether therapeutic neutralization of alpha-toxin is effective against -infected wounds is unclear. Herein, the efficacy of prophylactic treatment with a human neutralizing anti-AT monoclonal antibody (MAb) was evaluated in an skin wound infection model in nondiabetic and diabetic mice. In both nondiabetic and diabetic mice, anti-AT MAb treatment decreased wound size and bacterial burden and enhanced reepithelialization and wound resolution compared to control MAb treatment. Anti-AT MAb had distinctive effects on the host immune response, including decreased neutrophil and increased monocyte and macrophage infiltrates in nondiabetic mice and decreased neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in diabetic mice. Similar therapeutic efficacy was achieved with an active vaccine targeting AT. Taken together, neutralization of AT had a therapeutic effect against -infected wounds in both nondiabetic and diabetic mice that was associated with differential effects on the host immune response.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.