This paper presents the first probabilistic parsing results for French, using the recently released French Treebank. We start with an unlexicalized PCFG as a baseline model, which is enriched to the level of Collins' Model 2 by adding lexicalization and subcategorization. The lexicalized sister-head model and a bigram model are also tested, to deal with the flatness of the French Treebank. The bigram model achieves the best performance: 81% constituency F-score and 84% dependency accuracy. All lexicalized models outperform the unlexicalized baseline, consistent with probabilistic parsing results for English, but contrary to results for German, where lexicalization has only a limited effect on parsing performance.

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Zirconia (ZrO 2 )-based ceramics have dominated the engineering ceramics market for ages due to its diverse properties, for example, high strength, 1 notable hardness and toughness, 1,2 promising wear resistance, 3 bio-inertness, 4 high ionic conductivity, 5 modest coefficient of thermal expansion, 6 and elastic modulus similar to steel 7 (zirconia is also known as "ceramic steel" 7,8 ). High ionic conductivity in intermediate temperature makes the doped zirconia ceramics relevant for solid oxide fuel cell applications (as an electrolyte). 9,10 For biomedical applications, viz., in dentistry (for crown and bridge) 11 and prosthetic industry (as the ball heads for hip replacements), 12 ZrO 2 -based ceramics find its relevance due to its nontoxicity and mechanical integrity. For structural applications, zirconia-based ceramics are mostly used as cutting tools. 13 The other applications of zirconia involve fields like gas sensors, 14,15 refractories, 16 structural opacifiers, 17 and thermal barrier coating (TBC) 18 etc.Pure zirconia 5 has three crystalline polymorphic forms, namely monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic. Among these polymorphs, monoclinic phase is stable at room temperature. At high temperature (>1170°C), there is a prominent volume expansion (~4%) associated with the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation (in zirconia bodies) during cooling. 7 This gives birth to microcracks and failure in the sintered zirconia ceramics and also makes pure, undoped zirconia (in monoclinic form) an unsuitable candidate for engineering applications. To overcome these undesired properties, generally, some amount of metal oxide stabilizers like yttria (Y 2 O 3 ), 11 calcia (CaO), 19 magnesia (MgO), 20 ceria (CeO 2 ) 21 etc. with different crystal structures (along with comparatively high solubility) in zirconia are doped. Doping stabilizes the high-temperature polymorphs, that is, tetragonal and cubic phases at ambient conditions. Doping of cations inside zirconia matrix results in decrease in particle/crystallite size, which ultimately stabilizes tetragonal structure of zirconia nanoparticles/ceramics. [22][23][24] Partially stabilized zirconia

The Edinburgh submissions to the shared task of the Third Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT-2008) incorporate recent advances to the open source Moses system. We made a special effort on the German-English and English-German language pairs, leading to substantial improvements.