Objectives:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of Gelfoam as an effective embolizing agent in patients with hemoptysis presenting to a tertiary care center in developing nations.
Material and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of data from 30 patients treated by Interventional radiologist at St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India, was performed. The study included 22 males (73.3%) and 8 (26.65%) female patients. Gelfoam was used as the sole embolizing agent and arteries with features of abnormal blush and hypertrophy were targeted. Analysis of the etiology, immediate, and short-term outcome and complications, when present, was performed. The median follow-up period was 45 days following an embolization procedure at this center.
Results:
A high short-term efficacy was noted following embolization procedures with Gelfoam as the sole agent. Twenty-eight out of 30 procedures were deemed successful, and post-tubercular changes were noted to be the cause for hemoptysis in 23 patients. The high short-term efficacy (93.3%), evidenced by a complete stoppage of hemoptysis, along with a relatively low rate of complications (spinal cord ischemia in only 2.3%), strengthens the position of Gelfoam as the sole embolizing agent in a resource-limited setting.
Conclusion:
In an economically constrained setting, Gelfoam proves to be a useful first choice single embolization agent, while polyvinyl alcohol particles coupled with microcatheter systems remain within reach of only those who can afford them.
This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author PY has analysed the case by CT and MRI with the assistance and useful support of authors AR and KM and given the diagnosis. Author PY studied literature and prepared the case study. Author VMK head of the department of radio diagnosis encouraged the authors to proceed with the case workup. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Background: The knee being the largest joint in the human body withstands complex forces which are exerted during various activities, rendering it prone to a number of acute and chronic injuries. It is also one of the most frequently injured joints, whether as an isolated injury or as a component in a multiple trauma patient. Aim and. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of various ligamentous and meniscal injuries of post-traumatic knee joint. Materials and Methods: Once a patient fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study he / she was administered the predesigned / pretested proforma. Demographic characteristics of the study population such as age, sex were obtained through an interview. The patients were then briefed about the procedure i.e. about the noise of the gradient coils and need to control the body movements for successful image acquisitions. The patient is asked to lie in supine position with the knee in close relation to the knee coil. The knee is then externally rotated 15-20° and is also minimally flexed 5-10°. Statistical Analysis: The data obtained was coded and entered into Microsoft Excel Worksheet. The categorical data was expressed as rates, ratios, proportions and percentages.
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