Emulsions separation through porous fibrous media is a popular and complex process. This research investigates the influence of superficial velocity (0.6−1.8m/min), inflow direction (horizontal, radial), and sandwich filter structure on the phase separation performance of nanocoated coalescing filters. Experiments were performed using three different filters and their different sandwich combinations for 1% isooctane in water emulsions with mean droplet size 5 μm. These filters were coated with hydrophobic−oleophilic nanoparticle to impart suitable wetting and surface roughness functionality. With the increasing superficial velocity, the separation efficiency and quality factor decreases while the pressure drop across the filter increases. A rapid drop in the separation efficiency takes place above the superficial velocity of 1.0 m/min. The separation efficiency does not depend on the inflow direction, but the pressure drop across the filter is about half in the horizontal inflow direction than in radial inflow direction. For high droplet capture, the filter layer facing the influent stream should be made of the finest available fibers while its wettability does not affect the droplet capture. For effective separation of liquid droplets from a fluid stream, a vertically oriented gradient filter preferably wetted by dispersed phase and with increasing fiber size and permeability from influent to effluent is the most favorable structure.
Introduction: In India, a national program for stroke (national programme for the control of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and stroke) and stroke management guidelines exist. Its successful implementation would need an organized system of stroke care in practice. However, many challenges exist including lack of awareness, prehospital notification systems, stroke ready hospitals, infrastructural weaknesses, and rehabilitation. We present here a protocol to investigate the feasibility and fidelity of implementing a uniform stroke care pathway in medical colleges of India. Methods and Analysis: This is a multicentric, prospective, multiphase, mixed-method, quasi-experimental implementation study intended to examine the changes in a select set of stroke care-related indicators over time within the sites exposed to the same implementation strategy. We shall conduct process evaluation of the implementation process as well as evaluate the effect of the implementation strategy using the interrupted time series design. During implementation phase, education and training about standard stroke care pathway will be provided to all stakeholders of implementing sites. Patient-level outcomes in the form of modified Rankin Scale score will be collected for all consecutive patients throughout the study. Process evaluation outcomes will be collected and reported in the form of various stroke care indicators. We will report level and trend changes in various indicators during the three study phases. Discussion: Acute stroke requires timely detection, management, and secondary prevention. Implementation of the uniform stroke care pathway is a unique opportunity to promote the requirements of homogenous stroke care in medical colleges of India.
Background Human species are facing a new crisis. The COVID19 pandemic has not only disrupted the health system of the entire world but has also put tremendous pressure on it. According to the CDC, mucormycosis (previously called zygomycosis) is a serious but rare fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. These molds live throughout the environment. Mucormycosis mainly affects people who have health problems or take medicines that lower the body's ability to fight germs and sickness. It is an aggressive fulminant invasive fungal infection that can occur in patients with diverse precipitating factors such as uncontrolled diabetes, renal failure, organ transplant, long‐term corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy, cirrhosis, burns, Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome and malignancies such as lymphomas and leukemias. Reportings of mucormycosis in covid patients have posed an additional apprehension and an onus on the already struggling government and health care workers. Objective Description of case series of mucormycosis in post COVID19 patients. Materials and Methods Systematic review of various studies reporting presence of mucormycosis in post covid patients was done. The study was conducted to assess the impact of mucormycosis on patients suffering from a virus. While searching keywords “covid” and “mucormycosis” on Google Scholar and internet, we found 9 studies which reported 13 post covid patients infected with mucormycosis. Result Mucormycosis can be divided into at least six clinical syndromes: rhino‐orbital‐cerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, disseminated, and miscellaneous. Analysis of post covid patients showed four clinical manifestations‐ Rhino‐Orbital‐Cerebral Disease (3 research papers reporting one case each and 1 research paper with 4 patients); Pulmonary Disease (3 research papers with 4 cases); Gastrointestinal Disease (1 research paper with 1 case) and Disseminated (1 research paper with 1 case). Out of these total thirteen patients, seven were reported dead. S.No.AuthorNumber of PatientsMucormycosis associated Clinical SyndromeOutcome1.Mehta et al.1Rhino‐Orbital‐Cerebral DiseaseExitus2.Amanda et al.1Rhino‐Orbital‐Cerebral DiseaseExitus3.Mekonnen et al.1Rhino‐Orbital‐Cerebral DiseaseExitus4.Federico et al.4Rhino‐Orbital‐Cerebral DiseaseDischarged5.Arnaud et al.2Pulmonary Disease1‐ Exitus 1‐ Alive6.Epifanio et al.1Gastrointestinal DiseaseExitus7.Brian et al1DisseminatedExitus Conclusion As per Worldometer approximately 88 million cases of COVID19 have been reported so far of which nearly 1.9 million succumbed to death. Although the reported data relating to presence of mucormycosis in Covid patients is very meagre, yet the fatality rate is more than fifty percent. The situation is alarming. Exhaustive studies need to be undertaken as delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment may lead to higher risk of negative outcomes.
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