The shift from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing using 3D printing is prominent after the development of volumetric 3D printing, multi-material printing, and functional materials development. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a fast-growing additive manufacturing technology with widespread end-user applications. The key constraints to its growth are the lower surface and mechanical properties compared to conventional manufacturing paradigms. The goal of this review is to look at the numerous pre-processing and post-processing parameters for the property enhancement of FFF. Preprocessing methods included optimization of process parameters (infill percentage, pattern, layer height, nozzle and platform temperature, raster angle and width, build orientation, and air gap) and adaptive slicing techniques.Mechanical (hot air jetting, barrel finishing, sand blasting, laser polishing, etc.), chemical (vapor smoothing, dipping, plating, and painting), and thermal (thermal annealing and normalizing) post-processing techniques were successful in improving the mechanical strength and surface finish of fused filament fabricated parts. This paper outlines the various methodologies a FFF user could incorporate for enhancing the final finished product's properties. The potential future prospects for the development of the 3D printing sector are also examined.
Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems and their applications have been very substantive for the developments in energy science and engineering. The efficiency of LHTES systems largely depends on the thermal conductivity of the phase change materials (PCMs) and the heat transfer mechanisms in them. This review focuses on the methods employed to enhance heat transfer in LHTES systems which accordingly improve their storage performance. This includes the possible geometrical configurations of LHTES systems and the effects of their design parameters. The various methods adopted for enhancing LHTES systems' performance through either applying nanomaterials additives, using cascaded or encapsulated PCMs, or employing extended surfaces, such as fins, are discussed in detail. Additionally, various designs of PCM based heat exchangers with active and passive heat transfer techniques were highlighted. These systems are critically analyzed to help selecting reliable techniques and compatible materials for effective designs in order to achieve more efficient LHTES systems. This review would be helpful for the researchers to further develop heat transfer intensification mechanisms in LHTES systems.
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