Enantiomeric D- or L-arabinose based low molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs), accessible in a single synthetic step from D-/L-arabinose have been found to be efficient gelators for aromatic solvents and refined and crude oil. The organogel has also been successfully used as a micro-reactor for a photochemical reaction.

Detailed characterizations, including rheological studies of new triazolyl arabinoside based organogelators which are effective for PSOG of crude-oil are reported.

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Monitoring the renal arterial Doppler flow velocity indices, the resistive index and pulsatility index, with ultrasound may help predict renal dysfunction. However, such monitoring has been done intermittently by transcutaneous ultrasound in the postoperative intensive care setting. In the operating room, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an alternative to transcutaneous ultrasound for obtaining indices of renal perfusion. However, it is difficult to locate the right kidney using TEE. We propose a new technique to locate the left kidney that, in our experience, is simple and easy to perform. We believe, starting from a transgastric left ventricular short-axis view, turning left to locate the abdominal aorta, and following it to the origin of the left renal artery may help locate the left kidney faster than previously described techniques. We also propose a new technique to monitor these Doppler indices using TEE during the intraoperative period.

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The solvent free per-O-acetylation of various reducing and non-reducing sugars has been carried out using stoichiometric amounts of acetic anhydride and copper(ii) perchlorate hexahydrate as the catalyst.

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Design sensitivities for structures under transient dynamic loads with constraints on displacement can become very erroneous when proper care is not being taken in choosing the proper finite element mesh and also in selecting the appropriate number of basis modes. We approach this problem by systematically achieving an adaptive finite element mesh for a specified number of modes decided on the basis of some criteria and calculating the sensitivities thereafter. Numerous examples are solved to demonstrate how this integrated approach works and improves the results of sensitivity calculation. Nomenclature B = strain displacement matrix D = constitutive matrix / = Jacobian matrix K = assembled stiffness matrix M = assembled consistent mass matrix N = shape function q = ps(t) where p is the time-independent part of the load vector q w -Gaussian weight factor z = nodal displacement vector p = mass density cr K = stress vector at Gauss point