Background: Frozen shoulder is an insidious condition that begins with pain and gradual restriction of movement in the shoulder region. There are various methods of treating frozen shoulder (both surgical and non-surgical).Among the non-surgical methods there is no specific method accepted universally. Purpose of this study is to determine the combined effectiveness of Glenohumeral End-Range Mobilization and Contract-Relax technique for glenohumeral internal rotators in patients with adhesive capsulitis.Methods: 60 frozen shoulder patients randomized 30 subjects into each experimental and control group. Group A (experimental group) received Glenohumeral End-Range Mobilization, Contract-Relax Technique for glenohumeral internal rotators and Shoulder Pendular Exercises 2 times a week for a period of 4 weeks (8 sessions).Group B (control group) received Shoulder Pendular exercises 2 times a week for a period of 4 weeks (8 sessions). Outcome measures included are VAS, SPADI and goniometry for assessing pain, functional ability and ROM for the shoulder joint. Results:The average improvement of VAS for Group A and Group B were 4.5 and 3 respectively using median. The U-value was 176, which is statistically highly significant (p value = 0.000).The average improvement of Shoulder Pain and Disability Index for Group A and group B were 56.9333 and 10.3667 respectively using mean and Standard Deviation. The t-value was 35.91181, which is statistically highly significant (p value = 0.000). Conclusion:The results indicated that both Group A and Group B had significant improvement in the scores of VAS, SPADI and GONIOMETRY scores at the 4 th week when compared to base line values, but when comparing the end results of group A and group B it has been found out that group A intervention is more effective then Group B in treating the internal rotators of patients with adhesive capsulitis
Smartphone has become an integral part of our lives, they generally have a small screen because of which it is more likely to induce a slouched posture creating a line of sight mostly below eye level, formulating an improper posture when used for a prolonged period of time, for example, forward head posture (FHP) leading to neck pain. The purpose of the study is to compare the effectiveness of Deep neck flexor strengthening exercises with that of McKenzie neck extension exercises on smartphone users suffering from neck pain. It is a comparative experimental study. This study included (N=40) subjects with neck pain within the age group of 25-45 years. They arerandomly assigned into 2 groups (Group A and B). Group A had 20 (N=20) subjects who are treated with Deep neck flexor strengthening exercises, Group B had 20 (N=20) who are treated with McKenzie neck extension exercises. The subjects were given intervention 5 days a week for 6 weeks. For within-group analysis Paired sample t-test was used and to analyze between-group variables Independent sample t-test was done. Between DNF and McK groups no significant difference was found in NDI(p<1.18 ) and SFMPQ(p <1.17) while all outcome measures showed a significant difference in both DNF and McK groups(p=0.00)within the groups The results indicated that although both the treatment techniques, DNF and McK are effective in alleviating the neck pain in Smartphone users in terms of decreasing pain intensity and increasing functional ability as there was a significant difference within the two groups, but there was no significant difference between the DNF and McK group in decreasing pain intensity, increasing functional ability
Sacroiliac joint pain is one of the common misdiagnosed orthopedic causes of low back pain, which affects between 15 to 30 percent of individuals with mechanical low back pain below L5. The sacroiliac joint is found out to be a source of dysfunction and pain in 10% to 27% of suspected cases of patients with chronic low back pain. Clinicians use different electrotherapy modalities, biomechanical correction techniques, and exercises for addressing SI joint pain. Many studies have been undertaken to find out the efficacy of different treatment tools in combination or isolation. Likewise, there are studies done to understand the effect of piriformis stretch and muscles activation exercises on sacroiliac joint pain but, there exists very little evidence studying the combined effect of both the treatment tools. So our study aims to determine the combined effect of piriformis stretch and muscles activation exercises in patients with sacroiliac joint pain. About 30 subjects, both male and female with a primary diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain by the physician were recruited into two groups. Group A having 15 patients received piriformis stretch and muscles activation exercises, and Group B having 15 patients received only muscles activation exercises. All the subjects received therapy sessions thrice weekly for four weeks. Outcome measures used were the visual analog scale (VAS) and oswestry disability index(ODI). Pre- intervention assessment and post-intervention assessment was carried out for both groups and the received data was analyzed using paired and independent t-test. According to the results of the analysis, the average improvement of VAS for Group A and Group B were 2.33 and 3.53 respectively. The paired t-test was 23.129 and 14.270, which is statistically highly significant (p-value = 0.000). The average improvement in oswestry disability index for group A and group B were 16.13 and 26.13 respectively using mean and standard deviation. The paired t-test was 11.014 and 6.934 respectively, which is statistically highly significant (p-value = 0.000). There is a significant improvement in both Group A and Group B. However, Group A (piriformis stretch and muscle activation exercises) showed significant improvement in the treatment of sacroiliac joint pain. The results indicated that both Group A and Group B had significant improvement in the scores of VAS and ODI scores at the 4th week when compared to baseline values, but when comparing the end results of group A and group B, it has been found out that group A intervention is more effective than Group B in treating patients with sacroiliac joint pain. From the data analysis reports, it can be concluded that when these treatment tools i.e piriformis stretch and muscles activation exercises are applied in combination, it gives better results in the management of sacroiliac joint pain
Background: Capillary electrophoresis (CE) estimates Hemoglobin E (HbE) in HbE hemoglobinopathies, which was previously not possible with other method due to combined elution of HbA2 with HbE. Associated hemoglobin abnormalities can be estimated with separation of HbA2 from HbE. Methods: The study is retrospective using CE to detect abnormal HbE and differentiate the HbE syndromes. Student t-test was used for statistical analysis. Result: 119 cases of HbE syndromes were identified and divided into HbE heterozygotes (71), HbE heterozygotes with borderline HbA2 (15), compound heterozygotes of HbE with Thalassemia (13 HbE with β-Thalassemia / 8 HbE with α-Thalassemia), compound heterozygotes of HbE with HbS (HbSE) (2) and HbE homozygotes (10). Mean HbA2 shows increasing pattern with increasing severity of HbE syndrome. However, compound heterozygote of HbE and β-Thalassemia (HbE-β-Thal) shows maximum mean level of HbA2 (5.46%). HbA2 of HbE heterozygote and HbE heterozygote with borderline HbA2 was not found to be significantly different, statistically. Fetal haemoglobin (HbF) of HbE homozygotes is found significantly higher than that of HbE heterozygotes, but significantly lower than that of HbE-Thalassemia. The HbE values of HbE with α-Thalassemia (HbE-α-Thal) and HbE-β-Thal were found to be below-3SD value (14.77%) and beyond +3SD value (37.77%) of mean of HbE of HbE heterozygote (26.27%), respectively. Conclusion: The study identifies range of different hemoglobin levels in HbE syndromes, with special reference to HbA2. Concurrent iron deficiency anaemia also needs to be kept in mind in dealing with a population where iron deficiency is very common.
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