Acute exacerbations of IPF can occur postoperatively after both pulmonary and nonpulmonary surgery and are associated with a high mortality rate. As a next step, a prospective multicenter clinical study of patients with IPF undergoing both pulmonary and nonpulmonary surgeries would allow the identification of perioperative risk factors in the development of AE of IPF.

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a clinicopathologic disease entity in which the tumor cells embolize to the pulmonary vasculature leading to a series of maladaptive reactions including the activation of coagulation and fibrocellular intimal thickening. The resultant stenosis of blood vessels leads to pulmonary hypertension and eventual death from cor pulmonale. In this report, we present a case of PTTM presenting as the initial manifestation of metastatic gastric carcinoma in a young man. Although unusual in its occurrence as the initial manifestation of gastric carcinoma, the case is illustrative in its clinical, radiological and histological presentation.

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A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread across the world. Today, we present an interesting case of a patient with no prior history of pulmonary disease who was diagnosed with COVID-19, recovered after a prolonged hospital course, and was diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis requiring oxygen therapy thereafter. The patient is currently on pirfenidone and has had a significant improvement in his functional status. His oxygen requirements have decreased, and repeat computed tomography (CT) scanning has demonstrated improvement in the extent of his pulmonary fibrosis. This case highlights the possibility of pulmonary fibrosis being a major complication among COVID-19 survivors and the importance of using pirfenidone in the management of such cases.

In India, 30% to 40 % babies are low birth weight babies (LBW) as opposed to about 5% to 7% of newborn in the west. In India, 7 to 10 million LBW infants are born annually. About 10 % to 12% of Indian babies are born preterm (less than 37 completed weeks) as compared with 5% to 7% incidence in the west. These infants are physically immature and therefore their neonatal mortality is high. It is possible to increase the survival of the infants and quality of human life through prompt and adequate disease management of the newborn. The proposed model of cost effective major infant disease management system based on artificial intelligence algorithm is helpful for diagnostic-cum-preventive approach to reduce the immaturity, fragility, vulnerability and dependence of the neonates in the developing countries to reduce neonatal and child mortality. Secondly, a significant proportion of the pediatricians" time, especially in major hospitals, large cities and overpopulated areas is spent on examination and evaluation of apparently healthy babies and detection of minor developmental defects. In addition to these facts, many third world countries including countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh face the major problem of child health diagnosis and malnutrition. Medical facilities and expertise is either absent or out of reach of these tribal and poor communities, many public health centers (PHCs) lack in advice by experts on immediate basis in case of emergencies. Major hurdles include the lack of medical experts and trained manpower, scarcity of funds and improper budgetary allocation for rural health at state and central government level.