Geschwind (1975) proposed a disconnection model in which an apraxic subject is unable to carry out movements to command because the left hemisphere that comprehended the verbal command is disconnected from the right premotor and motor areas which controls the left hand. An alternate model, however, proposes that apraxia results from destruction of spatiotemporal representations of learned movement stored in the left hemisphere (Heilman, 1979). The disconnection hypothesis would predict that apraxic subjects should be able to correctly imitate gestures and correctly use actual tools since these tasks do not require language. The movement representation model predicts that imitation and actual tool use would also be impaired. Motion analyses were performed on the trajectories of repetitive 'slicing' gestures made in a series of conditions in which contextual cues were introduced in a graded fashion. Four cue conditions were presented: no cues (verbal command), object present, tool present and both object and tool present. Positions of the hand, wrist, elbow, and shoulder were digitized from neighbouring views, reconstructed in three dimensions and analysed with respect to specific spatiotemporal features of the trajectories. Three subjects with limb apraxia, who had lesions that included left parietal cortex, and four neurologically intact subjects participated. The apraxic subjects showed disturbances in planning the movement of the hand in space across the cue conditions. For example, they showed deficits in the plane of motion, the shape of the trajectory and in the coupling of hand speed and trajectory shape even when given full contextual cues. These data support the hypothesis that apraxia can result from the destruction of spatiotemporal representations of learned movement, rather than from a disconnection between the receptive language areas in the left hemisphere and the contralateral motor cortices.

There exist numerous sophisticated models and methods for estimating the size, cost and schedule of software projects. However, the ability to accurately predict the software cost of web based software for agile software projects is still dubious. The most appropriate web based software cost estimation in an agile software development environment is a big problem due to varying levels of customer requirement and different individual personnel capabilities. Also, the need to develop a separate model to estimate web based project is rising. In this research paper, we present AgileMOW, an approach to model a software cost estimation process which will evaluate effort and cost of software development for web based projects developed using Agile methodology with a number of constraints imposed by stakeholders and environmental characteristics, thereby satisfying multitudinous criteria by making use of COCOMO II model, a famous traditional algorithmic technique. Most importantly, the paper identifies the difference between conventional and web projects. The proposed estimation model enhances the level of visibility in the planning stages.

The analysis of human motion can be advanced by analyzing motion, not only numerically, but also graphically. We present a system fcr the three-dimensiOnal graphical analysis ofhuman motion. The system involves the integrated operation of an image quisiüon unit, arobotarm for 3D targetpresentation, an imagereconstrucüon unit, graphic analysis, and animation software. A five degree offreedom robotarm is used to present single targets or target trajectories fcw subjects to track. All the locations are software geneiated based on mathematical formulation of the desired sectoring of spe. Two optoelectromc cameras are used to directly sense the positions of the diodes. Three-dimensional trajectories of each point are computed from the two sets of 2-I) images. The 3-D trajectories of the robot and of the subject are reconstructed and displayed on a Silicon Graphics Iris Workstation. A variety of programs display kinematic features of the hand and joint trajectories synchronized with reconstructed images of the threc-dimensional trajectory paths of individual limb segments. The user has real-time interactive control over the viewing angle, size, and screen position of the limb trajectories. Images rexesenting all 3-D target and finger positions and scatterplots of target and finger distance, azimuth, and elevation from the shoulder can also be presented. Finally, software was developed to display thereconstructedmotionofthearmbyrepresenting the various segments of the arm as surfaced cylinders. Effects of light source, shading and shadowing are used for calculations of brightness over the surface of the various cylinders. The end points of each cylinder are determined by the 3-I) locations of infrared diodes which were attached to the subject's limb segments. The arm is animated to reproduce the velocity patterns inherent in the digital trajectory records. There are various interactive options for viewing the moving image of the arm together with representations of the trajectories of the individual joints.

software development and control involves the use of quantitative software estimation and assessment models that are supported by theory and collected historical project data. Numerous models have been developed in the last years that predict software cost and schedule at an early stage of the development life cycle. In this research paper we have analyzed the behavior of different cost drivers that participates in accurately predicting the cost of any project and substitute it with its near value to show the effective decrease in the required effort using a web based tool Agile COCOMO II .

A novel series of imidazothiadiazole‐linked benzenesulfonamide derivatives (5a–t) was synthesized and subjected for screening against the four physiologically and pharmacologically relevant human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms: hCA I, II, VA, and IX. The compounds selectively inhibited hCA I and II over hCA VA and IX. Furthermore, among the two cytosolic isoforms, hCA II was more effectively inhibited as compared with hCA I. The most active compounds were 5o with K i = 0.246 µM and 5p with K i = 0.376 µM against hCA II, whereas compound 5f showed good inhibition against both hCA I and II with K i = 0.493 and 0.4 µM, respectively. This class of underexplored sulfonamides may be used to design isoform‐selective CA inhibitors targeting enzymes of medicinal chemistry interest.

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This paper describes one of the fundamental concepts of practical software measurement. The measurement information model provides a formal method for linking defined information needs to software engineering processes and products the can be measured. Developing a measurement plan for a particular project requires an instantiation of the measurement information model that is specific to the projects information needs the model serve as a primary resource throughout the measurement process, as its guide the planning and implementation of data collection and analysis activities.

In this research paper, we evaluate an assortment of tools and intend to investigate multifarious characteristic of Imagix-4D Reverse Engineering Tool and on the basis of investigation find out inadequacy of Imagix-4D Reverse Engineering Tool (illustrate only abstract Class Diagram, and it has no support to illustrate ER-Diagram and Sequence Diagram) and propose a Reverse Engineering Tool based on Unified Mapping Method (RETUM) for prominence of Class Diagram Visualizations which surmount the limitation (class diagram which is intricate in visualization) of Imagix-4D Reverse Engineering Tool.