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Introduction Pain and inflammatory disorders are the most prevalent syndromes. Different herbs were used for treatment of pain and inflammation including members of the genus Otostegia . As a result, this research investigated the in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 80% methanol leaf extract of Otostegia integrifolia in mice. Methods The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the plant was evaluated using hot plate method, acetic-acid induced writhing test, and carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema. Three experimental groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) received the extract while morphine 10 mg/kg and aspirin 150 mg/kg were used as a positive control for analgesic and anti-inflammatory tests accordingly. Distilled water (10 mL/kg) was used as negative control. Results From the experimental groups, OI400 displayed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities ( P <0.001). In acetic acid induced writhing tests, the number of writhes decreased significantly ( P <0.001) in all experimental groups. Similarly, OI400 reduced the mean paw edema significantly in carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema ( P <0.05 and P <0.001, respectively). Conclusion In general, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that the extract exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential in mice.

Introduction Pain in its various forms is undoubtedly the most common ailment known to human beings. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid analgesics are widely used to treat pain. However, long-term use of NSAIDs and opioids causes serious adverse effects on various organs. As a result, looking for drugs with better efficacy and lesser adverse effects appears crucial. For this purpose the obvious search begins from traditional medicines, particularly herbs. Therefore, this study investigated analgesic and anti- inflammatory activity of 80% methanol root extract of Verbasicum sinaiticum Benth (VS) in vivo. Methods The dried and crushed plant material was macerated with 80% methanol sequentially and dried with lyophilizer. As per the acute toxicity study conducted elsewhere, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of extract were used in the acetic acid induced writhing, hot plate test, as well as carrageenan and formalin induced anti-inflammatory models. As a positive control, aspirin 150 mg/kg was used for anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory model and morphine 10 mg/kg was used for central analgesic models. Results VS200 and VS400 doses of the extract significantly (p< 0.05) reduced acetic acid induced writhing as compared with the control group. Similarly in hot plate test also, both VS200 and VS400 groups demonstrated significant (p< 0.05 at 30 min and p< 0.001 at 60 and 120 min) analgesic effect in comparison with the control and VS100 groups. Furthermore, in carrageenan and formalin induced anti-inflammatory test both VS200 and VS400 were shown to produce significant (p< 0.05) anti-inflammatory effect at the later hours and days. Conclusion The findings from this study suggest that 80% methanol root extract of V. sinaiticum possesses peripheral and central analgesic as well as anti-inflammatory activity, possibly emanating from the phytochemicals present in the hydroalcoholic crude extract.

Introduction:Clematis simensis is one of the most widely used medicinal plant for the treatment of wound traditionally. However, its claim was not scientifically tested, the current study therefore assessed the anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of 80% methanol leaf extract of C. simensis. Methods: The dried and powdered leaf of C. simensis was macerated with 80% methanol. The topical ointment was then made in two concentrations (5% and 10% w/w), and two models, excision and incision, were used to test the extract's capacity to treat wounds in mice. In addition, anti-inflammatory test was also conducted using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) in rats. The DPPH test was used to determine the extract's anti-oxidant properties where ascorbic acid was used as standard agent. Results: When wounds were treated with ointments containing 5% and 10% (w/w) extract, the rate of wound contraction, the length of time it took for the epithelium to form, and the strength of the skin to break were all significantly increased (p < 0.05). There was no discernible difference in wound healing activity between the 10% (w/w) and 5% (w/w) extracts. Moreover, they had also similar impact as that of the positive control nitrofurazone in wound healing activity. Compared to the negative control, C. simensis extract considerably (p < 0.01-p < 0.001) reduced inflammation. The extract also demonstrated antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 0.7 mg/mL for the extract and 1.04 mg/mL for ascorbic acid, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, it is plausible to draw the conclusion that C. simensis 80% methanol extract possesses wound healing activity, perhaps as a result of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Background Otostegia integrifolia Benth. (Lamiaceae) leaves are used to treat hypertension in Ethiopian folk medicine. However, the claim has so far not been investigated scientifically. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of 80% methanol leaf extract of O. integrifolia in animal model of hypertension and possible underlying mechanisms in isolated rat aorta. Methods Antihypertensive effect of various oral doses of the extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) was determined in fructose-induced hypertensive rats using the non-invasive tail-cuff method. Thoracic aortic strips of rats were isolated and suspended in organ bath, and the vasodepressor effect as well as the possible mechanism (s) of action were studied by means of isometric tension recording experiments ex vivo. Phytochemical analysis was also performed to suggest possible constituents related to the activity. Results Blood pressure was significantly lowered in a dose-dependent manner following extract administration, suggesting that the extract possesses antihypertensive activity. The extract also caused a dose-dependent relaxation of aortic strip precontracted with KCl at a concentration of 6.25–125 μg/L, with a maximum relaxation (100%) achieved at a cumulative concentration of 318.75 μg/ml. The relaxation mechanism was found to be independent of muscarinic receptors, prostanoids, histamine receptors, ATP dependent K+ channels, sarcoplasmic reticulum stored Ca2+ and the endothelium system. The extract shifted the Ca2+ concentration-response curve to the right similar to that caused by nifedipine, suggesting that vasorelaxation could possibly be mediated via calcium channel blockade. The extract was found to contain phenolic compounds (164.3 mg/g, expressed as gallic acid equivalents) and flavonoids (125.7 mg/g, expressed as quercetin equivalents). Conclusion The findings revealed that the plant is endowed with antihypertensive activity, providing evidence for its traditional use. The effect maybe, at least in part, due to dilation of blood vessels through blockade of Ca+ 2 channels mediated by phenolic and flavonoid constituents.