Phaseolus vulgaris L. are salt-sensitive plants in all growth phases. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the benefit impacts of magnetized water (MW) alone or combined with soil amendment by agricultural gypsum and plant inoculation with vesicular arbuscular micorrhyzal fungi (AMF) on growth (plant height, dry weight and leaf area), relative water content (RWC%), water retention capacity (WRC), salt tolerance index (STI%), foliage mineral contents (N, P, K, Ca and Na), (K + +Ca 2+)/Na + ratio and yield components (number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, 100seeds weight, seed yield/feddan and harvest index%) of dry bean cv. Nebraska grown under salinity conditions. The study was conducted in Dakahlia Governorate at the northeastern of the Delta Egypt during summer seasons of 2019 and 2020. A split plot design with three replicates was used. Salinity significantly reduced all traits, particularly seed yield (around 53.9% losses), except Na%. Magnetized water (MW) and soil amendments sole or in combination had a tendency to increase all studied parameters, except Na%. Moreover, a negative relationship was observed between foliage Na content and seed yield, whereas a positive one was observed between salt tolerance index% and (K + +Ca 2+)/Na + ratio which were more reliable in selection criterion in bean plant. Overall, the treatment of magnetized water + gypsum + micorrhyzae is a very important management tool in common bean production in the clay and intermediate salinity soils of northern Delta of Egypt.

Two field and storage experiments were conducted at a private farm near the high ways and Delta company for fertilizers and chemical industries, Talka City, Dakahlia Governorate during the two successive summer seasons of 2009 and 2010 to study the effect of some heavy metals such as copper, lead and manganese by using natural antioxidants substances, i.e., humic acid, vitamin C., vitamin E. and glutathione on tomato (Lycopirsecon esculentum Mill) cv. Alissa and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) cv. Giza 3 plants under soil pollution stress. It also aimed to improve the quality and storability of tomato and kidney bean fruits. The most important finding could be summarized as follows: Concerning the effect of the treatments on tomato the obtained results indicate that all natural substances of antioxidant led to significant increases in all vegetative growth parameters compared to the control.  Application of glutathione and vitamin C had a significant effect on plant height, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, fresh weight per plant, fruit number per plant and total fruit yield per feddan in both season of this study.  The plant organs (roots, leaves and fruits) for the tomatoes differed in its content from the heavy metals, where the roots contained higher amount of these elements content (Pb, Mn and Cu) than the leaves, while the fruits have the suitable levels of heavy metals content, and that due to the impact of the treatments on the removal of these poisonous elements. Glutathione and vitamin C treatments had a highest significant effect in this respect. The control treatment led to an accumulation of the respective heavy metals content in different plant organs.  All natural substances of antioxidants had a significant increases in quality and storability parameters of tomato fruits, expressed as a reduction in weight loss and decay percent and the preservation of the fruits contents (i.e., acidity, lycopene content, firmness, vitamin C and T.S.S) in comparison with the control of these treatments in both seasons. While, the effect of application of glutathione and vitamin E had a significant effect on most vegetative growth parameters of kidney bean in both seasons of this study.  Glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E treatments led to significant decrease in heavy metals content (Pb, Mn and Cu) in different plant organs of kidney bean (roots, leaves and fruits) compared to the control treatment in both seasons.  All antioxidant treatments gave significant increases of the fruits quality and improvement storability compared to the control in the two seasons. It could be concluded that application of glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E as a natural substances of antioxidants to tomato and kidney bean plants indicated that the most effective treatments for improvement quality and storability and alleviate the adverse effects of some heavy metals under soil pollution conditions.

Two field experiments were conducted during two successive winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 at El-Baramoun farm, Mansoura Horticulture Research station to study the effect of spraying by ATP (100ppm), amino acids (2.5ml/l), glycinebetaine (50ppm), salicylic acid (20ppm), Zinc (100ppm) and Boron (50ppm) compared with tap water (control treatment) on vegetative growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, mineral constituents, yield components and fruit quality of tomato cv. Super strain B grown under low temperature conditions. Significant increases in vegetative growth parameters and photosynthetic pigment contents were recorded relative to corresponding control treatment. ATP treatment was more pronounced in these increments. Marked increases were observed in N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn percentages as a result of all applied treatments. However, Zn treatment decreased N and P percentages and gave the highest percentage of Zn during both seasons. B treatment at 50ppm had the highest fruit set percentage, while ATP treatment had the highest yield per plant, early yield and total yield per feddan. In addition, all spraying treatments significantly enhanced tomato fruit quality characters (TSS, TA, VC and lycopene), except for salicylic acid treatment which had no effect on TA (tetratable acidity) relative to control plants. The behavior of most studied traits was not changed from season to other except Chl A, N%, Ca%, F set%, YP, TSS and lycopene indicating the magnitude of the environmental factors on the genetic expression of these traits as controlled by more than one gene. In view of the obtained results, it was found that vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato plants cv. Super strain B could be enhanced under cold stress condition by spraying by anti-stressor under study (ATP, amino acid, glycinebetain, salicylic acid, Zn or B). It is worthy to mention that ATP spraying treatment at 100 ppm was the most optimum treatment.

Climate change threatens the world food security, especially in developing countries such as Egypt because of the impact of global warming on plant diversity and productivity, even plant that is considered warm vegetation e.g., cowpea. Field and storage experiments were conducted at El-Baramoun farm and Mansoura Horticulture Research Station, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt to study the agronomical performance response of cowpea cv. Kafr El -Sheikh-1 grown under high temperature and long photoperiod conditions of late summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 to some natural and safe treatments i.e., neem oil (2.5ml/L), chitosan (CS) at 200ppm, chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) at 100 ppm and potassium silicate (K-silicate) at 300ppm and their interactions compared with the recommended synthetic insecticide (lannate) at 75g/100L and unprotected control (tap water). The response of infestation of the pod borer (Etiella zinckenlla), as one of the determinants for yield and quality of green pods in the field and dry seeds in the store, to the assigned individual treatments and a treatment of magnetized sea water + iron (Fe) salts were also concluded. In this work, the subsequent storability and insect damage of dry seeds at the ambient temperature for 5 months were studied in terms of either the effect of prior treatments during the field experiment or the effect of post-harvest treatments i.e., natural essential oils of neem, camphor and thyme at 2.5ml/kg seed in comparison with unprotected control and synthetic insecticide (Celphos 57%) at 50mg/kg seeds.The most important results could be summarized as follows:The physiochemical characterization of chitosan nanoparticles cleared that the nanoparticles have, smooth surface, spherical shape and size about 32 nm.All protected treatments considerably differed in improving the agronomical performance over unprotected control at the two seasons. Both mixed treatments were more effective in this regard, since the treatments of neem oil+ K-silicate combined with either CSNPs or CS were superior in increasing vegetative traits, relative water and total chlorophyll contents, green pod yield (47.5% and 46.6%) and dry seed yield (82.8% and 73% ), respectively over unprotected control. The magnetized sea water + Fe salts recorded the highest reduction in pod borer infestation (82.16%), followed by CSNPs (81.16%) compared with the insecticide (76.14%).Concerning the seed storability as affected by prior treatments during field experiment, mixed treatments were more superior in protecting stored seed, especially neem oil+ K-silicate+ CSNPs treatment which reduced seed damage% and infested seed% from 100% (control) to 7.15 and 6.32 % and to 12.11 and 11.14% in 1 st and 2 nd seasons, respectively. As for the effect of post-harvest treatments, Celphos 57% was the most effective treatment, since damage% and infested seeds % reduced to 0%, followed by neem and thyme oils (less than 10%).Eventually, foliar spray of neem oil+ K-silicate combined with either CSNPs or CS five times during the growing sea...

Two field experiments were conducted at El-Baramoun Farm, Mansoura Horticulture Research Station,Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during two successive fall seasons of 2013 and 2014 to study the influence of soil amendmentwith sulfur and three levels of combinations between compost manure and mineral NPK fertilizers as well as their interaction on growth, chemical composition,yield and fruit quality of husk tomato plant cv. Balady. The experimental design was split plot design with three replicates. The vegetative growth traits of husk tomato, chemical composition, total chlorophyll content, yield and its component and fruit quality had high significant values by soil amendment with sulfur, except for numberof branches and carotenoid content in both seasons and number of leaves in first season, since the increase was not significant at 5%. Supplementation of organic manure (compost)at 6.5 ton/fed with 50% from mineralNPK fertilizers improved plant growth and induced significant increases in yield and fruit quality. The application of sulfur with a mixture of 50% mineral NPK,50% compostand 200kg mineral sulfur had synergetic effect on increasing yield by18.51 and 19.00%in both seasons, respectively and enhancing fruit quality compared with conventional agricultural practice.It can be concluded that the treatment of the mixture of 50% mineral NPK and 50% compost with sulfur amendment was the best treatment for plant growth, yield and fruit quality as well as for reducing 50% of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The economic performance of husk tomato under this study showed that although organic treatment with 200kg sulfur gave the lowest yield, it gains the highest net return and benefit cost ratio(16745 and 2.190, respectively) comparing with conventional practice, thus this treatment i. e., 100%compost, that equal the same content of 100% mineral NPK recommendation, with sulfur amendmentproved to be the economical for organic husk tomato production under the conditions of Nile Delta lands.

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The present study was carried out during the two successive fall seasons of 2017 and 2018, at private farm in Kafr El-Sheik Governorate, under clay soil condition using furrow irrigation system. These experiments aimed to evaluate the effect of some combinations among four plant densities (20, 30, 40 and 60 plants/m 2) with four types of chemical compounds (its symbols i.e., chemical compound 1, 2, 3 and 4) beside the control treatment on growth, yield and pods quality of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv.Polista as a famous variety, grown under open field conditions. This study aimed to introduce a practical solution to resist atmospheric changes and instability in temperature and especially sudden sharp recursively during growth and fall season. All studied densities gave rise to a positive effect on plant growth expressed as plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, foliage fresh weight and foliage dry weight per plant compared with control treatments. Positive impact in comparison with the treatments of the promo, which recorded the highest values of vegetation such as plant height, number of branches per plant and number of leaves / plant when growing 40 plants/m 2 and using chemical compound 2, while cultivating 30 plants/m² with chemical compound 1 gave the highest values of fresh and dry weight, Leaf area and the stem diameter. Regarding the influence of interference on the pod weight in the first season only, the length of the pod and the number of pods/plant in both seasons did not show any differences moral consequences, while cultivating 30 plants/m² with chemical compound 2 gave higher values for the pod weight in the second season, the length of the pod and the total yield, if using 30 plants/m² with chemical compound 1 record higher values for the pod thickness. Regarding the chemical content of the leaves as chlorophyll, nitrogen, potassium, recorded the highest values when growing 30 plants/m² with chemical compound 2, except the highest phosphorus values when planting 30 plants/m² with chemical compound 1. Also treatment 30 plants/m 2 with chemical compound 1 gave higher values for the content of vitamin C, TSS and less fiber content and acidity and therefore get the high yield plus high quality. KEYWORS: plant densities, cytokinin, indol butyric acid, sea algae extract, macro and micro elements, snap bean pods yield, green snap bean quality.

T HE PRESENT study was carried out during the summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 in Talkha city, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt near El-Mansoura-Damietta highway and El Delta Company for Fertilizers and Chemical Industries, where lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) levels in the soil exceed the permissible levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F 1 . Twelve treatments were conducted which were the interactions between two silicon (Si) foliar spraying (without or 300 ppm Si) and six soil amendments : 100% chemical fertilizers (CF), 50% farmyard manure (FYM), 100% FYM, 100% CF+ Trichoderma spp. (T.), 50% FYM + T. and 100% FYM + T. Data indicate that Pb and Cu were accumulated in tomato organs to hazardous levels in the following descending order : roots > shoots > fruits and shoots > roots > fruits, respectively which consequently severely reduced tomato plant growth and fruit yield and fruit quality. Results also, showed that the application of Si treatment sole or in combination with soil amendments markedly enhanced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophyll, number of fruits/plant, total yield/fed, Vitamin C, acidity %, TSS and taste index, where as, reduced Pb and Cu concentrations in different plant organs, bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). However, Si + FYM + T. treatment was superior in these respects, therefore increased the net return. Also, negative correlations were obtained between fruit yield and BCF of Pb or Cu and between taste index and TF of Pb or Cu.