The study included testing the susceptibility of algae (Oscillatoria pseudogeminata) in removing phytonutrients consisting of ammonia, nitrite, nitrates, active phosphorus, and total phosphorous. As well as the ability of these algae to reduce the chemical requirement of oxygen from the domestic wastewater, in addition to its effectiveness in removing some heavy metals (iron, copper, lead, nickel). This algae was used in the form of the Unialgal culture obtained from the algae plant in the fish department. The results indicated that the efficiency of O. pseudogeminata was better than the other two types. Where the removal was complete (100%) for both ammonia and active phosphorus during the seventh day of treatment. 79% of total phosphorous was removed after ten days. The ability of the algae was lower in removing nitrites (70%) and nitrates (80%), and the algae was able to reduce the chemical requirement of oxygen to 80% during the treatment period. The heavy metals were removed 100% for iron, copper, lead and nickel on the ninth day.
Majority of the microorganisms develop different types of survival mechanisms such as growth regulation, heterogeneity in population, proteolytic systems etc. to adapt to stress conditions. Pathogenic microorganisms acquire the ability to sustain various host immunological responses, The study included collection of about 150 clinical samples from a patients and included samples (Urine, fecal and blood). And for both gender and of all, The necessary examinations and tests were performed for the bacterial isolates. The results were as follows presence of five bacterial genera and in percentage Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12 isolates (40%), Escherichia coli 10 isolates (33.3%), Staphylococcus 5 isolates (16.6%), 1 isolate (3.33%).bacillus isolates (6.6%) 2 and then Proteus mirabilis Also using the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) to detection of the biofilm, The isolates was tested to 12 antibiotic by kirby bauer method and the results was presence of high ratio of resistant. Where the bacterial strains showed high resistance against (Amoxicillin, Amikacin, Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Nalidixic acid, Ceftazidime, Cefoxitin) while The remaining antibiotics show middle and low resistance.
Shigellosis is second cause in the world that leading to diarrheal death (164,300 deaths annually, one to three causes that leading to diarrheal deaths in children younger than 5 yeares. Shigella spp are responsible for the illness caused that are enteric bacteria facultative anaerobice, non-motile, Gram-negative rods. almost of 165 millions states of diarrheal yearly, about 163 millions of states is at developing nations. because of the developments of antibiotics resistance over the previous halfe-century, In Shigellosis optiones for Antimicrobial treatments are specific to little numbers of antibiotics overtimes, patterns of antimicrobials resistances in Shigellae spp. has change in order to geographicals positions and treatmentes becames further complicated, The appropirate and active treatments for diseases lead to descrease shed for bacteria and prevents lethale productions. aim of study was to Investigation of The Tetracycline genes in Shigella spp and The Relationship between the Antimicrobial Resistance and Tetracycline genes Using PCR and Phylogenetic tree analysis, Shigella isolates were diagnostic by Biochemical and molecular methods.
Shigella isolates were investigated genotypically to detection about harboring Tetracycline Genes includes (tetA), (tetB) by PCR technique. The Shigella isolates showed the high percentage of (tetA) gen about (100%) followed by ,(tetB) (90%). Sequencing of tetA and tetB genes was done also.
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