The water level in a lake increases as a result of changes in the hydrologic processes in the lake catchment that can cause a flood in the lake's surrounding areas. The lake system needs a comprehensive investigation to alleviate an increase in the water level and consequently flooding. Some different methods and approaches can be applied to predict the lake level increase. A water balance study, hydrodynamic model application, and ANN simulation applications are some of the methods. Each method has merit and complexity in terms of data requirement, the reflection of the physical processes, and ease of modeling application. A simple water balance model application is relatively good in considering all the physical processes. However, model outputs are not good during the model performance evaluation. The hydrodynamic models are simulation models which base on the physical processes of the lake system, with the same modification. Somehow it considers all the real processes with simplification. A good understanding of the application provides a favorable condition to provide all the input/factors contributing/ indirectly to a system modeling. The simulation through a hydrodynamic model is within a good range on performance indicators. Artificial Neural networks (ANN) are recent applications that focus on data science rather than physical processes. The ANN provides an opportunity to include all the contributing factors in the modeling processes. The output from ANN modeling processes is in a very good range. The choice of the method of prediction needs to understand the actual event in a lake system and the model's background for good prediction.
An advancement of flood routing methods is important for the design and management of the water resources systems. Hydraulic and hydrologic routing approach are widely applied in most simulation models, separately. The combined hydrologic and hydraulic routing method where recent approach to improve the modeling effort in hydrological studies. The main drawback of hydrologic routing methods was inaccuracy on downstream areas of the river basin, where the effect of hydraulic structures and the river dynamics processes are dominant. The hydraulic routing approaches are relatively good on a downstream reaches of a river. This research was done on the Awash River basin at the upstream areas of a Koka dam. A combined hydrologic and hydraulic approach was used to assess the discharge and sediment flow in the river basin. The hydrologic routing method was applied at an upstream part of a river basin through a SWAT model. HEC-RAS model was applied at the middle and downstream areas of the basin based on hydraulic routing principle. The combined routing method can improve the result from the simulation and increases the accuracy in the prediction of the peak flow. It can simulate all the discharges for both short and long-term duration with good model performance indicators. Besides, sediment modeling was done by comparing the regression model, SWAT model, and combination of HEC-RAS and SWAT model. The result from the sediment modeling indicates that the regression model and the combined models show good agreement in predicting the suspended sediment in the Awash River basin.
An advancement on flood routing techniques is important for a good perdiction and forecast of the flow discharge in a river basins. Hydraulic and hydrologic routing techniques are widely applied in most simulation models separately. A combined hydrologic and hydraulic routing method is a recent approach that used to improve the modeling effort in hydrological studies. The main drawback of hydrologic routing methods was inaccuracy on downstream areas of the river basin, where the effect of hydraulic structures and the river dynamics processes are dominant. The hydraulic routing approaches are relatively good on a downstream reaches of a river. This research was done on the Awash River basin, at the upstream areas of a Koka dam. A combined hydrologic and hydraulic approach was used to assess the discharge and sediment flow in the river basin. The hydrologic routing method was applied at an upstream part of a river basin through a SWAT model. HEC-RAS model was applied at the middle and downstream areas of the study basin based on hydraulic routing principle. A combined routing method can improve the result from a simulation process and increases an accuracy on a prediction of the peak flow. It can simulate a flow discharges for both short and long-term duration, with good model performance indicators. Besides, sediment modeling was done by comparing a regression model, SWAT model, and combination of HEC-RAS and SWAT model. The result from the sediment modeling indicates that the regression model and combined model show good agreement in predicting the suspended sediment in the river basin. The integrated application of such different type of models can be one of the option for sediment modeling.
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