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Despite a growing body of turnover literature, much remains unknown about the factors predicting career transitional behaviors of school principals. To bridge this gap, we examined variations in principal, school, and district characteristics influencing administrator leaver and mover behaviors, using Hierarchical Generalized Linear Modeling. Our findings revealed that class size, support staff, parental involvement, teacher incentives, unionization, and many other district-level policies offset turnover, thereby contributing to retention. Furthermore, predictors of principal mover behavior differed from those of principal leaver behavior, suggesting that different forms of exit paths may need different policy tools to improve retention.

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Responding to the forces of internationalization and globalization, universities are partnering across national borders to expand their outreach, increase capacity, expand research possibilities, and for a list of other reasons. This study looks at one international university partnership between an institution in the United States and one in the Middle East. This article examines the impetus for partnership, the steps and decisions of formation, the benefits, and challenges experienced, the lessons learned, as well as the implications and the possible paths forward. This study will provide the conceptualization and practical framework for those interested in forming international partnerships.