This study aims to find out the commissive illocutionary acts which are implied by the characters in the novel She Wore Red Trainers (2014) by Na’ima Robert. It aims to identify the types of commissive illocutionary acts found in the selected novel. This study uses a descriptive- qualitative method to examine the collected data. The data are utterances collected from the text of the selected novel. These utterances are classified on the basis of on the speech act theories of Austin (1962) and Searle (1969), into three types of commissive illocutionary acts: offering, promising and refusing acts. The results of this study revealed that there are 10 utterances in She Wore Red Trainers novel: 5 offering utterances, 4 promising utterances and 1 refusing utterance. Since this study observes the commissive illocutionary acts in the novel to reveal their implied meanings, it is recommended that similar studies be conducted to examine commissive illocutionary acts in other fictions.
This study aims at investigating the illocutionary acts (pragmatic meanings) of Qur’ānic interrogations in Surah As- Saffat. In addition, it examines the correspondence level of such illocutionary acts according to Searle (1976) classifications of illocutionary acts. Since most of the Qur’ānic interrogations are not used to indicate their basic meanings, but to indicate pragmatic meanings, interpreting and analyzing such utterances may pose a problem and sometimes brings about misunderstanding, especially when they are rendered from Arabic into another language. The data of the study are 28 interrogations collected from the original Qur’ānic Arabic text of Surah As- Saffat. Qualitative content analysis has been used to examine the data by consulting well- known classical and modern Islamic books of exegesis (Tafsîr) to determine the intended pragmatic meanings of such Qur’ānic utterances. The present study proved that all the Qur’ānic interrogations in Surah As- Saffat go beyond their basic meanings to indicate different pragmatic meanings that are not said directly in the text. Those pragmatic meanings include affirmation, disaffirmation, exclamation, disdain, consulting, advice, offering, rebuke, warning, negation and threatening. Some of these illocutionary acts correspond to three types of illocutionary speech acts proposed by Searle, namely, assertives, directives and commissives. The study findings show that the illocutionary acts of such Qur’ānic interrogations are determined by their situational contexts. The study concluded that the illocutionary acts of these Qur’ānic interrogations are pragmatically rather than syntactically determined. Thus, it is strongly recommended to employ Speech Act Theory in interpreting and analyzing Qur’ānic interrogations, and other Qur’ānic speech acts.
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