This study examines the reliability of Altman’s [Formula: see text]-score model to predict the financial failure of the ICT sector in Pakistan. Data for 11 PSE-listed (Pakistan Stock Exchange) ICT companies were collected through Altman’s [Formula: see text]-score model in the period 2013–2018. The innovative Altman [Formula: see text]-bankruptcy forecast technique has been used for the analysis. Results show that the four companies, Pakistan International Airlines Corp. Ltd., TRG Pakistan Ltd., World call Telecom Ltd. and Media Times Ltd. were in the distress zone; Pakistan Telecommunication Co. Ltd. was in the gray zone; and the remaining six companies (i.e., Hum Network Ltd., Nestle Technologies Ltd., Pakistan Int., Container Terminal Ltd., Pak Datacom Ltd., Pakistan National Shipping Corp. and Tele card Ltd.) were able to meet the safe zone criteria. On the other hand, the [Formula: see text]-score analysis suggests that seven ICT companies would not go bankrupt, while the remaining four companies failed financially and would not maintain businesses in the future. Furthermore, according to the innovative outcome analysis, X3-EBIT/TA has a significant positive relationship with X1-WC/TA and X4-TE/TL and X2-RETA has a significant positive association with X1-WC/TA and a negative association with X4-TE/TL.

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Human resources practices are the essential elements for high organizational performance and attain recent researchers' focus. Therefore, the current study aims to examine the role of human resource practices such as selection, training, and compensation on the firm performance of Malaysia's palm oil industry. The examination of mediating role of organizational learning capabilities and the moderating role of organizational support among the nexus of human resource practices and firm performance of palm oil industry in Malaysia is also part of the study's objectives. The data has been collected by using questionnaires, and PLS-SEM was used for analysis. The results revealed that all the predictors such as selection, training, and compensation have positive nexus with firm performance. The results also exposed that organizational support moderated the nexus of selection, training, and firm performance while organizational learning capabilities have positively mediated the nexus of selection, training, compensation, and the palm oil industry's performance in Malaysia. These findings are valuable for the policymakers who maintain the regulations related to the human resource practices that enhance firm performance.

Recently, sustainable development goals (SDGs) have been the requirement of every organization around the globe that requires researchers and regulators' focus. Hence, the present study examines the impact of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) in addressing the SDGs of manufacturing companies in Malaysia. The current article also examines the mediating impact of organizational effectiveness among the linkage of CSR and SDGs achievement. The researchers have used the survey method and taken the questionnaires for data collection. The current article has also applied the smart-PLS to analyze the data collected from selected respondents. The results indicated that CSRs have a positive linkage with the SDG’s achievement. The findings also exposed that organizational effectiveness significantly mediates among the linkage of CSR and SDGs achievement in manufacturing companies of Malaysia. The article has guided the policymakers regarding developing the regulations related to the SDG’s achievement through CSR and organizational effectiveness.

This paper combines the twin aspects of corporate governance and earnings management by providing deeper insights into the role played by the government as a major stakeholder of Government-Linked Companies (GLCs) in Malaysia. In 2004, the Malaysian government embarked on a transformation exercise for all GLCs in the country. The program was designed to strengthen and deepen the mechanisms of corporate governance and anchor best practices from within. The Malaysian government undertook this exercise as part of its efforts to enhance the effectiveness of Boards of state-owned enterprises. The aims and objectives of this paper therefore are to give detail insights into the corporate governance reforms and provide an in-depth understanding of the impact of corporate governance mechanisms deriving from these transformation programs. In order to provide detailed insights regarding this aspect, our study includes both pre and post transformation data and concludes whether these transformational policies and earnings management activities have contributed to any sort of lingering aftereffects. This study also provides suggestions for any further policy improvements if necessary. This study found that there was a reported increase in earnings management activities during the post transformation period. The study also found that post transformation there was little or no impact resulting from corporate governance measures to subdue earnings management activities, on the other hand, both the leadership structure and frequency of board meetings appeared to have a significant impact. The official get-togethers and separation of functions between the CEO and Chairperson in the organisation appeared to adversely influence and benefit the board respectively during the post-transformation period whereas the association does not appear to hold in the pre-transformation period. Even though our study demonstrated a positive uplift from enhanced corporate governance mechanisms in GLCs, further studies to identify the specific factors that contributed to this feel good factor would appear to be warranted.

Malaysian government provides tax incentives to firms that involve in digital economy to increase digital economy activities in the country. This, however, can enlarge the country's tax gap. This study, therefore, attempts to investigate the effects of firms' digital economy involvement on book-tax differences (BTD), and its components, comprising permanent, temporary and statutory tax rates differences. A total of 846 firm-year data of Malaysian-listed firms from 2013 to 2018 were analysed. The relationships between digital economy involvement and temporary differences, and statutory tax rates differences were found positive and significant. This suggests that firms, through temporary differences, are leveraging on the usage of ICT to enjoy the incentives provided by the Government. The firms are also benefiting from cross-border businesses to secure tax benefits from differences of tax rules between jurisdictions. This study contributes to literature by providing further empirical evidence to support theory of tax incentives within the context of technology acceptance model. This study also contributes to the authority by providing insights on the extent the digital economy-related incentives can affect the country's tax gap. Firms can also be benefited from this study in their attempts to gauge the effects of digital economy activities on their tax position.