The hydrocracking of squalane and
low density polyethylene (LDPE)
into low molecular weight hydrocarbons has been demonstrated with
the use of bifunctional zeolite catalysts, Pt-impregnated USY and
Beta, with selectivity toward isomers of C4–C6 alkanes. Quantification of liquid and gaseous products via
GC-FID and GC-MS demonstrated that appropriate catalyst selection
can yield >95% conversion of polymer to fluid products at mild
reaction
conditions of 330 °C and 20 bar of H2 and short reaction
times of <15 min in a batch system. Zeolite Beta exhibits marked
selectivity toward C4 hydrocarbons, and its efficacy in
this reaction is related to its acidic and structural properties.
The appropriate selection of reaction time, temperature, and Pt-loading
are discussed.
Sulfided nickel, an established hydrocracking and hydrotreating catalyst for hydrocarbon refining, was synthesized on porous aluminosilicate supports for the hydrocracking of mixed polyolefin waste. Zeolite beta, zeolite 13X, MCM41 and an amorphous silica-alumina catalyst support were impregnated with the single-source precursor (SSP) nickel (II) ethylxanthate for catalyst support screening. Application of this synthesis method to beta-supported nickel (Ni@Beta), as an alternative to wet impregnation using aqueous nickel (II) nitrate, provided catalytic materials with higher conversion to fluid products at the same mild batch reaction conditions of 330°C with appropriate agitation and 20 bar H
2
pressure. Mass balance quantification demonstrated that SSP-derived 5wt%Ni@Beta yielded a greater than 95 wt% conversion of a mixed polyolefin feed to fluid products, compared with 39.8 wt% conversion in the case of 5wt%Ni@Beta prepared by wet impregnation. Liquid and gas products were quantitatively analysed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing a strong selectivity to saturated C
4
(37.3 wt%), C
5
(21.6 wt%) and C
6
(12.8 wt%) hydrocarbons in the case of the SSP-derived catalyst.
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