Background Preventative measures are necessary to control a pandemic such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and different platforms to communicate guidelines have varying levels of effectiveness. Objective At the time of this study, there were no published studies investigating knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19 within the Saudi population. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap in current knowledge and provide baseline data to the government and other health associations for preventive measurements for future outbreaks. Methods This study was conducted among the Saudi population using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed the awareness of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incubation period, the known symptoms of COVID-19, the mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and infection control measures for prevention. Results The study included 6000 participants. Most respondents (84.93%) of the population reported awareness of the virus, 78.78% reported a belief that the virus leads to death, 89.47% reported a belief that 14 days is the incubation period, and 93.73% were aware of the possibility of asymptomatic carriers. Conclusions The Saudi population is aware of the attitudes and practices of prevention as well as the mode of transmission. The efforts by the Ministry of Health were effective in increasing awareness among the Saudi population toward COVID-19.

Background and Aim. Esthetic concerns in primary teeth have been studied mainly from the point of view of parents. The aim of this study was to study compare the opinions of children aged 5–8 years to have an opinion regarding the changes in appearance of their teeth due to dental caries and the materials used to restore those teeth. Methodology. A total of 107 children and both of their parents (n = 321), who were seeking dental treatment, were included in this study. A tool comprising a questionnaire and pictures of carious lesions and their treatment arranged in the form of a presentation was validated and tested on 20 children and their parents. The validated tool was then tested on all participants. Results. Children had acceptable validity statistics for the tool suggesting that they were able to make informed decisions regarding esthetic restorations. There was no difference between the responses of the children and their parents on most points. Zirconia crowns appeared to be the most acceptable full coverage restoration for primary anterior teeth among both children and their parents. Conclusion. Within the limitations of the study it can be concluded that children in their sixth year of life are capable of appreciating the esthetics of the restorations for their anterior teeth.

According to the WHO untreated cataract (43%) is the most common cause of visual impairment after that comes diabetes mellitus (24%). 2 Some studies suggested that different diseases might be associated with visual impairment including other medical problems, such as cardiac defects or diabetes, which are more effective on dental care than the visual impairment. 4 The oral health promotion relies mainly on oral health instructions, which it helps in prevention of the oral diseases especially in children as it assists in providing a good oral health through their whole life. 5 In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence showed 1.5% of the population are visually impaired still, no sufficient studies regarding the subject were reported. Literature review Methods of literature search and appraisal This research was conducted from October 2017-January 2018. It started with looking into previous articles (Full Articles) dated from (1965-2017) using different search engines and applications including Google Scholar, PubMed and ReadCube for relevant articles and reviewed their references list for additional citation using related keywords. All the researched articles were published in English language from different countries and journals around the world. The process of finding the right keywords was in the Inclusion of words such as (Blindness, Visually Impairment, Caries, Oral Hygiene…etc.) excluding articles having their samples from the age of 15 and above. This would help us keep our scope in the field of blindness/visually impairment within the selected age 6-15 years old in respect to their oral health status knowledge.

| http://medcraveonline.com only 8% of people have a congenital visual impairment with the rest developing a visual impairment through local or systemic disease, accidents or age-related degeneration. 2 Furthermore, a huge proportion of adults with a visual impairment relate to hearing problems which may require further help to the provision of dental care. 3 Some of the causes of visual impairment may be associated with other medical problems, such as cardiac defects or diabetes, which are more likely to take an effect on dental care than the visual impairment. 4 Visual Impairment has an impact on oral health through physical, social, or informational barriers related to impairment, medical condition and associated medical disorders. Visually impaired people are challenged every day in their daily activities. The effects of blindness are many, but one of the most common is the inability of the individual to maintain oral health. 5 Despite the high prevalence of visually impaired people in Saudi Arabia, there is no sufficient information about oral health in this population. It is essential to assess the oral needs and demands of this under-privilege population for one to be able to set policies and plan for oral health program, the purpose of this study is to assess the oral health status of children with a visual impairment. Literature Review Methods of literature search and appraisalThe literature search was conducted from October 2017-January 2018 using the Saudi Digital Library. The systematic search was done by carrying out a topic search using the basic search that included related terms "Visual Impairment, Oral Health, Blindness, Caries, Plaque, Orthodontic, Periodontal, Malocclusion, Medical Complication, Dental Surface, and Health Services". The searches were limited to studies published between 1965-2017, English language, and subjects aged 6 -15 years old.

Background: Noise levels encountered during the dental treatments in different departments have deleterious effects on the ears of dental healthcare providers and there is scarcity of data in the literature in Saudi Arabia. Hence, the aim of the study was to determine the noise levels resulting from the usage of different specialty instruments and equipment. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure the level of noise produced by different specialty instruments and equipment within the dental clinics of the College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University (REU), Riyadh. The noise produced during the restorative treatments, endodontics and prosthodontics was recorded objectively using a decibel (dB) meter placed at a distance of 30 cm from the operator's ear. Mean noise levels were calculated and compared among the various specialty treatments using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Furthermore, Tukey's test was applied to perform a pairwise comparison between the groups. Results: An overall noise of 73.83 ± 4.39 dB was found to be generated within the dental clinical setting. A highest sound level of 79.44 ± 2.10 dB was observed during restorative treatment followed by 74.14 ± 3.08, 73.22 ± 1.93, 71.39 ± 3.37 and 70.97 ± 4.70 dB for endodontic, periodontal, and prosthodontic treatments, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in the noise levels produced from the different specialty treatments ( P = 0.000). Conclusion: The greatest noise level was recorded with the use of the amalgamator in restorative dental treatment. It was inferred that the noise emanating from all the specialty dental treatments was below the hazardous levels. Long-term exposure may, however, have adverse effects on auditory as well as general health.

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