Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is risky threats to human health nowadays, and various trials of treatments were announced including chemical and drugs extracted from medicinal plants. Rosemary plants were shown to have antidiabetic and antilipidemic effects. Aims and Objective: Evaluate and investigate the effect of Rosemary administration on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) and Vitamin B12 in healthy and diabetic patient who intake glucomid or metformin. Materials and Methods: Forty individuals with Type 2 diabetes of both genders and 10 healthy persons of age 40 years or older were recruited for participating in this study. Diabetic patients were divided into two groups: The first one was taking only glucomid, and the other group was taking both glucomid and metformin together. Rosemary was supplemented as 500 mg powder-encapsulated. All participants were asked to intake 3 g/day (2 capsules at breakfast, lunch, and dinner)and be conducted for 8 weeks. Results: Our data and results showed that rosemary has potentially significant effects on fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c and Vitamin B12 in both healthy and patient's participants. In healthy persons, level of Vitamin B12 was improved 29%, with some effect on HbA1c and FBG (5%, 14%, respectively). In diabetic patients, who were uptaking glucomid only, a significant reduction about 16-18% in both FBG and HbA1c, with a prominent increase in Vitamin B12 level (25%). On the other hand, patients who were receiving both glucomid and metformin responded more effectively to rosemary in FBG and HbA1c (23%) with less increase in Vitamin B12 (10%). In comparison between the levels of Vitamin B12 before rosemary consumption, data indicated that Vitamin B12 level in diabetic patients was 40% less than healthy persons notifying that diabetic patient may suffer from Vitamin B12 deficiency. Conclusion: The present results declare that rosemary can exert significant effects on improving levels of FBG, HbA1c, and Vitamin B12 in both healthy persons and diabetic patients involved in antidiabetic medication.
Eugenia jambolana (EJ) is an Indian traditional herb widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This herb is globally marketed as single or multi herb formulations. Many diabetes patients consume EJ extract oral hypoglycemic drugs together. This calls for a need to assess risks versus benefit of this co-administration. In present investigation, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of aqueous extract of EJ seeds at the dose of 400 mg/kg are studied with 10 mg/kg of oral hypoglycaemic drug sitagliptin (SITA) by co-administrating them for 28 days in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of SITA were determined using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and it was found that the combination treatment reduces the systemic exposure of SITA by showing 38.70% reduction in concentration maximum (Cmax) and 22.40% reduction in area under curve (AUC). Despite low levels of SITA, the combination demonstrated a significant reduction in blood glucose level when compared with individual drug and individual extract administered groups during pharmacodynamic study. In addition, the liver function, the kidney function and the lipid parameters were found to be significantly improved and beneficial effects were found with respect to food intake and water intake and urine output in case of combination treatment groups when compared with individual treatment groups. Histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue suggests its significant recovery of having normal acinus with better cell protection in combination treatment. In conclusion, the combination treatment demonstrated reduced systemic exposure of SITA without compromising on its antihyperglycemic activity and improvement in conditions associated with diabetes.
Investigation of the effect of oral administration of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) as powder on lipid profiles and blood glucose in healthy and type-2 diabetic human patients was done. Forty-five type-2 diabetic patients and 15 non-diabetic persons of age 40 years or older participated in the study. Patients selected in this study had fasting blood glucose in the range 160-300 mg/dl, and high lipid profiles levels. In addition, patients were allowed to take their routine diet and usual diabetic medicine but not any other health medication. All participants were told to take 3 g of rosemary per day for 4 weeks. Plasma lipid profiles and blood glucose were measured before and after rosemary administration. Significant effect of rosemary is obviously noticed in diabetic patients. Lipid profiles (low density lipoprotein LDL, triglycerides and cholesterol) decreased by 31-35%, and blood glucose decreased by 21%. In addition, high density lipoprotein (HDL) in both diabetic and non diabetic persons increased by 22%. Rosemary showed favorable changes in lipid profiles and blood glucose levels in type-2 diabetic patients.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Nigella sativa and Metformin in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHOD: 50 male albino rats weighing between 200 and 240 gm were included in this study. They were equally divided into 5 groups as following; Group (1) control normal rats. Group (2) streptozotocin 60 mg/kg body weight-induced diabetic rats. Group (3) diabetic rats treated with Metformin 8.5 mg/kg IP. Group (4) diabetic rats treated with Nigella sativa oil 0.5 ml/kg IP and group (5) diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of Nigella sativa 3 mL/kg IP. The sugar level, glucose tolerance test, HbA1C and lipid profile were investigated in plasma of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats before and after administration of Nigella sativa and Metformin. RESULTS: Showed significant hypoglycemic effect after administration of Nigella sativa oil more than aqueous extract of Nigella sativa and Metformin in glucose tolerance test. The administration of Nigella sativa oil for one month showed a decrease by 13% in sugar level, 10% in HbA1C, 20% in total cholesterol, 17% triglycerides, and by 18% in LDL-cholesterol. While diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of Nigella sativa showed a decrease by 10% in sugar level, 7% in HbA1C, 14% in total cholesterol, 18% in triglycerides, and by 12% in LDL-cholesterol. Also, metformin group showed a decrease by 17% in sugar level, 8% HbA1C, 10% in total cholesterol, 22% triglycerides, and by 8% in LDL-cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that the administration of Nigella sativa resulted in a significant hypoglycemic effect and reduce lipid profile in diabetic rats.
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