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BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition in middle-aged persons worldwide. The major factor risk of this disease is obesity.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed at King Abdul-Aziz Specialist Hospital. A STOP-BANG questionnaire formed of eight questions was used to assess the risk of OSA among type 2 diabetic patients. The scoring scale is categorized into three groups: low (0 - 2), intermediate (3 - 4) and high (5 - 8), respectively. By this study, we aimed to assess the risk of OSA among diabetes patients in Taif city.ResultsOf the patients, 57.9% had mild risk, 26.9% had moderate risk and 15.2% had severe risk for OSA. There was a moderate positive relationship between age and STOP-BANG score. There was no significant correlation between the score and last fasting blood sugar and HbA1c’s level, with P values of 0.554 and 0.335, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the type of treatment and the risk of developing OSA (P < 0.001). Percentage of patients with severe risk was significantly higher in those taking both insulin and oral drugs than those taking insulin alone or oral drugs alone.ConclusionsThe OSA risk and prevalence is much higher in diabetics than in general population, with the risk increasing with age. The risk is higher in diabetic patients who are receiving both oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin. The screening of OSA among diabetic patients is necessary to identify those at severe risk and manage this problem, which may remain undiagnosed in many patients.

The current case study deals with Comminuted Scapular Body Fracture after Seizure. Diagnosis of the epilepsy defined as two or more unprovoked seizures. The prevalence of epilepsy is found to be .5 – 2%. People with epilepsy are at risk of fractures either due to fall, muscle contractions that lead for avulsion fractures or loss of protective mechanism during seizures. Muscles contraction during tonic phase of seizures can result in variety of musculoskeletal injuries that include shoulder dislocation or fractures, spine vertebral bodies fractures and acetabular fractures.

Background: Ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) is more prevalent among male aged more than 50 years. Various disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and peripheral vascular diseases are major risk factors responsible for OIS in aged male. Case report: This case study involves a 57-year-old male patient having history of diabetes, hypertension, slurred speech, hemiparesis and hypoesthesia of the right side of the body. The patient came with complain of red eye, pain and decreased vision in left eye. Complete left internal carotid artery obstruction, rubeosis iridis of the left eye, dots of hyphema of the left eye, bilateral hard exudates, significant macular edema and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy were observed in the patient. In this case, in consultation with ophthalmology, surgery and medicine departments multidrug treatment procedure was followed. This multidrug based therapy successfully controlled the condition of patient and improved the vision of patient.