Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological condition. It affects around 1% of the global population. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study. An online questionnaire was distributed to medical students in their clinical and preclinical years and interns at Riyadh’s four public universities. Then a comparison was made to see whether attending more courses in medical school would influence the students’ knowledge and attitudes. Results: In the present study, 95% of medical students had heard about epilepsy or convulsive seizures (a significantly larger proportion of clinical students had heard about epilepsy than preclinical students (99.0% versus 92%, P-value = 0.000)). Furthermore, 34.0% believed that epilepsy could be treated. Moreover, 79.1% of those polled claimed that brain disease originated from epilepsy, followed by genetic factors (64.1%) and convulsions (92.3%) as the most common symptoms. Conclusion: Regarding medical students’ awareness of epilepsy, it turns out that it is good and better than reported in other research, especially among clinical students rather than preclinical students, who have a negative attitude toward epileptic patients. Consequently, there is a need to further development of their knowledge throughout future campaigns and conferences, and curricula that should be tailored to help improve awareness and attitudes toward epilepsy.

Background: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their complications is rising, and they are considered the leading reason of death, along with disability, in many nations (1). Among the other cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension and dyslipidemia play a crucial role in developing various disorders, but most importantly, cardiovascular diseases (2), (3). Aim: To measure the prevalence of hypertension among hyperlipidemic patients at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) medical center. Additionally, we set out to measure the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the same sample. Methods: The present study is an observational retrospective study that includes collecting data from medical records in a cardiology clinic from 16/03/2017 to 25/04/2021 at the IMSIU medical center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: There were 413 subjects in total who took part in the investigation, with males constituting 85.7% of the sample. In addition, 83.1% of the patients were over the age of 40. It was recognized that among patients with hyperlipidemia, hypertension was reported in 60.1% of them. Also, 58.7% of patients with hyperlipidemia have diabetes mellitus. Regarding prescriptions, 75.1% of the patients were on lipid-lowering medications. Besides, it was noticed that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension rose dramatically with age. Conclusion: It was revealed that most patients with hyperlipidemia also have concurrent hypertension. On top of that, most hyperlipidemic patients are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Overall, the main findings support previous studies’ results that suggest an association between hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Keywords: Hypertension; Hyperlipidemia; Diabetes Mellitus.

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