This research was embarked upon to assess the changes in the physical and chemical properties of piped-borne water supplied in Kano metropolis from the treatment plants(challawa and tamburawa plants), along the distribution lines to the various points of use. Samples of piped water were collected from selected points of use (zones) including raw and treated water from the treatment plants and analyzed for selected physical parameters-pH, alkalinity, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and chemical parameters-chlorides, sulphates, nitrates, nitrites and trace metals which includes sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, lead, cadmium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, zinc, and copper. The results show that all the physical parameters were within the world health organization WHO acceptable limits with the exception of turbidity and total suspended solids of sharada zone with 208 NTU and 193mg/L respectively. All the chemical parameters were within the thresholds limits including all the metals analyzed which were present in concentrations permitted by the WHO for a quality drinking water. Mean concentration of some of the metals were found as follows: Pb (0.0021± 0.
Khayasenegalensis was planted on soil irrigated with tannery effluent and borehole water for duration of three months. Plant samples were collected after harvest and soil samples were collected before planting and after harvesting. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals in the planting media and plant tissues. The aim was to establish the phytoremediation potential of Khayasenegalensis under these conditions. After harvesting, a noticeable decrease in the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu Ni, Pb and Zn in the media was observed from the initial values. The highest levels of Cd (5.53±0.56mg/kg), Cr (13.99±0.82mg/kg), Pb(10.6110.61±0.57mg/kg, Ni (8.33±2.78mg/kg)and Zn(25.72±0.00 mg/kg) accumulation were found in the roots, whereas the highest Cu (7.29±1.80mg/kg) concentrations was observed in the shoot. The roots of Khayasenegalensis were found to be suitable for the phytostabilization heavy metals in both the tannery effluent and borehole water irrigated media. In addition, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb mainly accumulated in the Khayasenegalensisroots. The results of translocation factors (TF) and bioconcentration factors (BCF) of Khayasenegalensis for heavy metals revealed that Khayasenegalensis is an excluder plant for Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Zn and a potential accumulator plant for Cu serving as an ideal remediation plant for this metal. Furthermore, the increasing heavy metal contents in soil that have been irrigated with tannery effluent resulted in the accumulation of these metals inKhayasenegalensis.
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