Background: Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a genetic condition characterised by a lifelong elevation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). FH is one of the most common genetic diseases, with an estimated global prevalence of 1 in 250 individuals. However, it is both underdiagnosed and undertreated. Primary care can be a valuable asset for the opportunistic detection and management of FH. Aim: To examine the employed strategies for improving the detection and management of FH in a primary care setting. Method: Six electronic databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Scopus) were searched from May - June 2022 for papers published in English following Arksey and O Malleys six-stage scoping review process. Results: The initial search identified 1401 articles and a total of 30 studies were included in this review. A diverse range of methods have been studied for improving identification of FH. Three studies examined reduction in patient LDL-c levels from management in primary care. Two thirds of the studies with primary care management had a significant reduction in patient LDL-c levels. Conclusion: The lack of consistency across the diagnostic criteria and the low number of studies addressing the reduction of patient LDL-c levels are major features of this review. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the approaches for improving the detection and management of adult patients with FH in a primary care setting.
Traditionally, intramuscular injections have been avoided in patients with haemophilia and there has been an ongoing debate in the haemophilia community regarding the risk-benefit ratio of intramuscular injections. The risks associated with intramuscular injections include intramuscular haemorrhage, which has the potential to cause inhibitor development. 1 In addition, managing intramuscular haematomas in haemophilia can be difficult and patients may require several days or weeks of clotting factor treatment. 2 The World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH) guidelines recommend that children and adults with haemophilia should preferably receive vaccines subcutaneously rather than intramuscularly, as it is as safe and effective as the latter and does not require clotting factor infusion. 3 to privacy or ethical reasons.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.