Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) differs from the normal concrete as it has the basic capacity to consolidate under its own weight. The increased awareness regarding environmental disturbances and its hazardous effects caused by blasting and crushing procedures of stone, it becomes a delicate and obvious issue for construction industry to develop an alternative remedy as material which can reduce the environmental hazards and enable high-performance strength to the concrete, which would make it durable and efficient for work. A growing trend is being established all over the world to use industrial byproducts and domestic wastes as a useful raw material in construction, as it provides an eco-friendly edge to the construction process and especially for concrete. This study aims to enlighten the use and comparative analysis for the performance of concrete with added industrial byproducts such as Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), Silica fumes (SF) and Marble Powder (MP) in the preparation of SCC. This paper deals with the prediction of mechanical properties (i.e., compressive, tensile and flexural Strength) of self-compacting concrete by considering four major factors such as type of additive, percentage additive replaced, curing days and temperature using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). way to counter the hazardous effects of such materials. By using different percentages of materials as replacement for cement in concrete mix of grade M20 (Mix ratio 1:1.5:3) and a suitable water-cement (w/c) ratio 0.40, there is a broad analysis of performance of such high strength concrete with respect to the different adding ratios by testing the mechanical properties of concrete such as its compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength [2]. Fresh properties for the SCC have also been monitored and examined, including the V-Funnel test, J-Ring test and Slump test. All these were carried out for the detail examination of fresh concrete behavior. Tests for hardened concrete were carried out using samples of different ratios of materials as a replacement in hardened cylinder and cube form. Many samples were casted for the comprehensive testing process. The samples with replacement ratios of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% are tested thoroughly to analyze the hardened properties of mixes. By the utilization of these industrial byproducts and waste materials, an elevated level of pollution treatment can be achieved by the construction industry all over the world. This induction of materials in concrete tends to provide efficient and high strength ranging concrete mixes and is eco-friendly, too [3]. Previously much discussion was had on replacement of cement with Fly Ash and Marble Powder [4-9], but Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) [4] was limited in use. Therefore, this research has contributed the comparison of Fly Ash and Marble powder with GGBFS not only at room temperature but also at elevated temperature. Furthermore, most previous studies only major focused on compressive strength [4][5][6...
Across the globe, sustainable infrastructure development—in context of road networks, and recycling waste material and production—are the two predominant factors associated with the construction industry in making roads and developing transportation networks. Globally, millions of tons of basic hot mix asphalt are produced, which are being utilized to generate large volumes of the finished road material. This study deals with the method of modifying bitumen by adding a silicon mobile cover waste material in a cost-effective manner, that can yield improved characteristic properties to bitumen, in a sustainable way to save material, improve quality/performance and reduce costs. In this investigation, globally produced and used mobile silicon cover accessories were utilized as a partial replacement (at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) with bitumen. A large quantity of used silicon phone covers are thrown in the garbage and dumped in grounds as a waste material worldwide. Modifying bitumen with up to 40% silicon, using a potentially viable waste available in large quantities, was proven to be stabilized according to ASTM Marshall Test criteria of stability (>9) and flow(within range 2–4) in road construction. The results of the investigation are promising, and the use of silicon waste could mark a significant impact on the economics of road construction industry for sustainable infrastructure development by saving bitumen, which is a costly resource.
Energy consumption and material production are two major factors associated with the road construction industry. Worldwide, millions of tons of hot mix asphalt production consume a huge amount of fuel as an energy source in terms of quantity and cost to achieve the standard temperature of up to 170 °C during the mixing process. Modification of bitumen can not only reduce its usage but also the consumption of energy (fuel) during the asphalt mix production process at low temperatures. This study provides a method to save energy by proposing the addition of bitumen modifier in the road construction sector. Furthermore, to make it compatible with the field conditions for road construction, stability analysis is executed on the prepared samples by partially replacing the bitumen with polyurethane foam (PUF) and plastic waste (PW) (at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%). Experimental results demonstrate a reasonable saving in the amount of energy (33%) and material (40% bitumen) used and showed that similar strength of developed asphalt mix can be achieved using PUF. An extensive calculation concludes that these savings could make a huge difference in construction economics of mega road infrastructure projects, especially during an energy crisis.
During the development of symmetric asphalt concrete material samples, aggregates play a vital role in the performance of its production. Shape characteristics and aggregates geology are two major factors influencing strength parameters of the asphalt concrete mix. In this study, two different geological sources of aggregates with different shape characterizations have been utilized for the development of the asphalt concrete mix. In addition to that, the stability analysis has been performed under different temperature conditions ranging between 25 and 60 • C. By the application of the destructive technique (DT) and non-destructive technique (NDT), the performance of the asphalt concrete mix has been analyzed and compared based on the geology of aggregates under various temperatures. Furthermore, a statistical model has been developed to analyze the stability and performance of the developed asphalt concrete mix with reference to regional climatic conditions. This study will help in the development of symmetric formation of sustainable asphalt materials.Symmetry 2020, 12, 433 2 of 12 bound and unbound condition come from part of or the whole engineering or building structure [4]. The mechanical performance of an aggregate in asphalt pavement has been studied in previous research and presented an approach to find out its response of an unbound coarse aggregate [5]. Damages to highways mostly takes place on surface roads, one of the main reasons is the weakness of a bond between the bitumen binding and the aggregates. Thus, a bond should be enhanced and to improve the antistripping properties of asphaltic concrete. Stripping is the phenomenon of surface tension between the aggregates and binder. The failure of the asphalt pavement due to several distress such as rutting on the variation of rut depth due to traffic load have been studied using statistical analysis [6]. The several types of distress including creep, rutting, shoving, cracking, and low stability are resulting in stripping due to the ingredient's compatibility. When the ingredients are used in correct proportions, they provide the best-expected service quality [7,8]. The performance of asphalt concrete by using the design method and rehabilitation timing and the result revealed that the road surface was greatly influenced due to traffic load and environmental conditions [9]. The temperature effect is also a key factor that has a direct influence on the viscosity of bitumen, which affects its ability to bond and provide adequate bonding for aggregates in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) paving mixes. Therefore, the performance of the asphalt mixture under the effect of increasing and decreasing temperatures is needed to be studied. Low stability in the asphalt mixture leads to various types of distress [10,11]. The maximum load resisting by the specimen before failure is the stability strength of that specimen. An arrangement of the Marshall test [12] is like an indirect tensile strength test [13], but the sample placed in the Marshall test head is within a certa...
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