The Nile Delta Basin is a major gas province. Commercial gas discoveries there have been proven mainly in Pleistocene to Oligocene sediments, and most discoveries are within sandstone reservoirs. Three-dimensional seismic data acquired over the basin have helped greatly in imaging and visualization of stratigraphy and structure, leading to robust understanding of the subsurface. Channel fairways serve as potential reservoir units; hence, mapping channel surfaces and identifying and defining infill lithology is important. Predicting sand distribution and reservoir presence is one of the key tasks as well as one of the key uncertainties in exploration. Integrating state-of-the-art technologies, such as including 3D seismic reflection surveys, seismic attributes, and geobody extractions, can reduce this uncertainty through recognition and accurate mapping of channel features. In this study, seismic attribute analysis, frequency analysis through spectral decomposition (SD), geobodies, and seismic sections have been used to delineate shallow Plio-Pleistocene El Wastani Formation channel fairways within the Saffron Field, offshore Nile Delta, Egypt. This has led to providing more reliable inputs for calculation of volumetrics. Interpretation of the stacked-channels complex through different seismic attributes helped to discriminate between sand-filled and shale-filled channels and in understanding their geometries. Results include more confident delineation of four distinct low-sinuosity channelized features. Petrophysical evaluation conducted on five wells penetrating Saffron reservoirs included electric logs and modular dynamic test data interpretation. The calculated average reservoir properties were used in different volumetric calculation cases. Different approaches were applied to delineate channel geometries that were later used in performing different volumetric cases. These approaches included defining channels from root-mean-square amplitude extractions, SD color-blended frequencies, and geobodies, all calculated from prestack seismic data. The different volumetric cases performed were compared against the latest field volume estimates proven after several years of production in which an area-versus-depth input showed the closest calculated hydrocarbon volumes to the actual proven field volumes.
The development and great spread of information technology and communication devices and the increase in reliability of the Internet have led to its widespread use in the daily life of Palestinian citizens and thus the emergence of many related electronic crimes. This study revolves around talking about the crimes of assaulting electronic programs in Palestinian legislation, which are represented by obstructing or disrupting access to electronic services, devices, programs, or electronic information of all kinds. The object of protection in the crime of assaulting electronic devices and the electronic network is the programs that are configured or accessories to computers and networks, in addition to stored electronic data and information, as well as the services they provide, and researchers have followed the descriptive and analytical approach in studying these crimes by referring to the provisions of the Decree Law No. 10 of 2018 regarding electronic crimes, which was approved by the Palestinian government to limit the spread of these crimes, and trying to extract, analyze, and discuss the will of the Palestinian legislator with regard to protection It provided legal protection for electronic programs and an attempt to mix the technical side with the legal side, noting that the Palestinian legislator tried to provide legal protection for electronic programs based on the user’s right to access his electronic device and to use this program in a legitimate manner, and that obstructing or disrupting access to electronic devices, the electronic network, and the accessory programs constitutes a violation of this right.
Internet of Things (IoT) is a modern-day technology that supports many different applications such as smart cities, e-health, and smart homes. However, the specific IoT nature of connecting various heterogeneous devices complicates the implementation of conventional security mechanisms. In this work, a device-based security approach has been proposed to assign optimal security mechanisms to the set of heterogeneous IoT devices based on their available resources and the system requirements. To achieve the proposed approach, the security overhead equation was formulated to include 3 parameters: RAM usage, energy consumption and throughput. A hardware implementation was used to measure these parameters and to calculate the security overhead for the tested security profiles. The Pareto frontline was used to select the optimal security mechanism that minimizes the security overhead per device while maximizing the system requirement. The selection algorithm was tested in a simulation of 50 heterogeneous devices that ran 30 security profiles.
The study was carried to know the effect of local strain, Streptomyces kanamyceticus on the growth and production of three varieties of eggplant plants and its control gray rot disease. The results showed that the S. kanamyceticus with the fungicide Prado in the presence of the pathogenic fungus B. cinerea achieved the highest plant, shoot and root system of dry weight and leaf area in all eggplant cultivars compared with the lowest these parameters in the pathogenic fungus treatment. The results also showed the lowest infection severity with the pathogen B. cinerea was recorded in Barcelona cultivar treated with (S. kanamyceticus+ Prado) which reached to 21.23% compared with the highest infection severity of 80.06% in the Norita cultivar infected with the pathogenic fungus. S. kanamyceticus with the fungicide Prado in the presence of the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea achieved the highest resistance induction agents such as chitinase, β–glucanase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in all eggplant cultivars compared other treatments. The effect S. kanamyceticus was reflected by resistance induction, reducing the infection severity and improving the vegetative characteristics to a higher plant productivity. The highest fruit weight was recorded under the conditions of infection with the pathogenic fungus B. cinerea in Barcelona cultivar treated with S. kanamyceticus with the fungicide Prado reached to 588.82 gm compared with the lowest fruit weight of 301.41 gm in Norita cultivar in the treatment of pathogenic fungi only. In terms of fruit hardness, the treatment of S. kanamyceticus with the Prado in the presence of the pathogenic fungus B. cinerea achieved the highest fruit hardness reached 3.8 kg/cm2 in Barcelona cultivar compared with the lowest fruit hardness of 2.8 kg/cm2 in both cultivar Norita and Al-Nasr in the treatment of pathogenic fungus only.
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