One dimensional chaotic maps suffer from limited number of control parameters and converged periodicity, specially under finite precision implementation, making them unsuitable for hardware based ciphering systems. This paper first discusses the limited periodicity of 1D maps under fixed point precision, then, an image encryption algorithm based on DNA encoding and two specially configured binarized chaotic cores is presented. The function of both cores is to perform the confusion and diffusion stages of the image by generating pseudo random numbers with excellent cryptographic properties. DNA encoding adds an extra layer of security to the algorithm by converting both the image and chaotic stream to DNA sequences using specific DNA encoding rule. Initial values of both chaotic cores are image dependent based on a calculated hamming distance. These initial condition and the utilized DNA rules composes the overall secret key of the system with a total length of 336 bits. On the condition that all calculations involved in the scheme are based on binary integer arithmetic, all performed security analysis subjected to the scheme proved the system to withstand known attacks with excellent encryption properties.
Automation is being fueled by a multifaceted approach to technological advancements, which includes advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, sensors, and cloud computing. The use of automated, as opposed to conventional, systems, has become more popular in recent years. Modern agricultural technology has played an important role in the development of Saudi Arabia in addition to upgrading infrastructure and plans. Agriculture in Saudi Arabia is dependent upon wells, which are insufficient in terms of water supplies. Thus, irrigation is used for agricultural fields, depending on the soil type, and water is provided to the plants. Two essential elements are necessary for farming, the first is the ability to determine the soil’s fertility, and the second is the use of different technologies to reduce the dependence of water on electrical power and on/off schedules. The purpose of this study is to propose a system in which moisture sensors are placed under trees or plants. The gateway unit transmits sensor information to the controller, which then turns on the pump and recycles the water flow. A farmland’s water pump can be remotely controlled and parameters such as moisture and flow rate can be monitored using an HTTP dashboard. In order to evaluate the applicability of IOT-based automatic wastewater irrigation systems, a pilot test was conducted using the developed framework. Theoretically, such a system could be expanded by including any pre-defined selection parameters.
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