Reaction of [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] or [ReO2I(PPh3)2] with 2,2 / -diphenylglycine (dpgH2) in refluxing ethanol afforded the air stable complex [ReO(dpgH)(dpg)(PPh3)] (1). Treatment of [ReO(OEt)I2(PPh3)2] with 1,2,3-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) afforded the complex [ReO(OEt)I2(PTA)2] (2). Reaction of [ReOI2(PTA)3] with dpgH2 led to the isolation of the complex [Re(NCPh2)I2(PTA)3]•0.5EtOH (3•0.5EtOH). A similar reaction but using [ReOX2(PTA)3] (X = Cl, Br) resulted in the analogous halide complexes [Re(NCPh2)Cl2(PTA)3]•2EtOH (4•2EtOH) and [Re(NCPh2)(PTA)3Br2]•1.6EtOH (5•1.6EtOH). Using benzilic acid (2,2 / -diphenylglycolic acid, benzH) with 2 afforded the complex [ReO(benz)2(PTA)][PTAH]•EtOH (6•EtOH). The potential for the formation of complexes using radioisotopes with relatively short half-lives suitable for nuclear medicine applications by developing conditions for of [Re(NCPh2)(dpg)I(PTA)3] (7)[ReO4]in a 4 h timescale. A procedure the technetium analog of complex [Re(NCPh2)I2(PTA)3] (3) from 99m Tc[TcO4]was then investigated. The molecular structures of 1 -7 are reported, whilst 3-7 have been studied using in vitro cell assays (Hela, HCT116, HT-29 and HEK 293) and were found to have IC50 values in the range 29 to 1858 µM. Scheme 1. 2,2 / -Diphenylglycine (dpgH2) and benzilic acid (2,2 / -diphenylglycolic acid, benzH).Scheme 2. Complexes 1 to 7 prepared herein.

Interaction of [Sc(OR)3] (R = iPr or triflate) with p-tert-butylcalix[n]arenes, where n = 4, 6, or 8, affords a number of intriguing structural motifs, which are relatively non-toxic (cytotoxicity evaluated...

Nowadays, brain tumors have become a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The brain cells in the tumor grow abnormally and badly affect the surrounding brain cells. These cells could be either cancerous or non-cancerous types, and their symptoms can vary depending on their location, size, and type. Due to its complex and varying structure, detecting and classifying the brain tumor accurately at the initial stages to avoid maximum death loss is challenging. This research proposes an improved fine-tuned model based on CNN with ResNet50 and U-Net to solve this problem. This model works on the publicly available dataset known as TCGA-LGG and TCIA. The dataset consists of 120 patients. The proposed CNN and fine-tuned ResNet50 model are used to detect and classify the tumor or no-tumor images. Furthermore, the U-Net model is integrated for the segmentation of the tumor regions correctly. The model performance evaluation metrics are accuracy, intersection over union, dice similarity coefficient, and similarity index. The results from fine-tuned ResNet50 model are IoU: 0.91, DSC: 0.95, SI: 0.95. In contrast, U-Net with ResNet50 outperforms all other models and correctly classified and segmented the tumor region.

Objectives: Hydronephrosis (HN) is dilatation of the collecting system of the kidney due to obstruction of urine outflow. This study intended firstly, to investigate the efficacy of ultrasound (US) imaging to determine the cause of HN, and secondly, to list the causes of HN. Methods: In this retrospective study, 233 patients with HN were scanned to determine the cause of the HN in the period from 1st January 2016 to 31st October 2017. Categorical results were written as frequencies and percentages. Results: Out of 233, 91.41% were adults and 8.58% were children (P<0.001), 66.10% were male and 33.90% were female (P<0.001). In 55.36%, HN was in the right kidney and 44.64% was in the left (P=0.116). Exactly 58% of patients were suffering from grade-2, 21.5% grade-3, 11.6% grade-1, and 8.2% grade-4 HN. US imaging can determine the cause of HN in 70.4% of patients. Kidney or ureteric calculi were the cause of HN in 54.1% of cases, reflux was in 7.3%, and pelviureteric junction (PUJ) stenosis was in 3.9%. In cases of calculi induced HN, 25.3% of the calculi were in the vesicoureteric junction (VUJ), 21.5% were in the renal pelvis, 6.4% were in the PUJ or upper ureter, and only 0.9% were in the middle ureter. Conclusion: Ultrasound imaging can determine the cause of HN in more than two thirds of patients. Calculi are the most common cause of HN even in children and are most common in the VUJ. Abbreviations:HN: Hydronephrosis, US: Ultrasound, PUJ: Pelviureteric Junction,VUJ: Vesicoureteric Junction, SFU: Society of Fetal Urology,MHz: Megahertz, SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social sciences,IBM: International Business Machines, NY: New York, CI: confidence interval. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3951 How to cite this:Alshoabi SA, Alhamodi DS, Alhammadi MA, Alshamrani AF. Etiology of Hydronephrosis in adults and children: Ultrasonographic Assessment in 233 patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3951 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.