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The Sour Cluster is located in the south of the Sultanate of Oman. Since the first oil discovery in 1997, a successful exploration drilling campaign was carried out in the Cluster, resulting in the discovery of several carbonate stringer oil and gas reservoirs. Approximately half the gas volumes are contained in a gas condensate field. This field will be developed along with the other oil reservoirs in the cluster and will export gas to market as well as provide a source of make-up gas for the miscible gas injection operations.In phase 1 of the development (normal depletion), the wells were routed to the existing station-B via the Early Development Facility (EDF). These facilities consisted of a number of remote manifolds, a 70 km multiphase pipeline to station-B and a new oil and gas compression train at station-B. Whilst the field was depleted via station-B, design and construction of the new plant (phase 2) progressed.First production from phase 2 commenced 10 April, 2012, some 3.5 years after the target first oil date. Despite the delayed start, this first oil milestone is considered a commendable achievement given the significant challenges faced by the project team during the execution phase. Building a facility to handle the extreme mixture of high pressure, sour corrosive fluids and gas contained within the sour reservoirs is a technical step-out for PDO, let alone the oil industry in general.The establishment of the new Production Station (Station-H) now provides the infrastructure for long term development of the area and a number of follow-on projects which will make use of these facilities are either already in operation (Phase 3) or in execution(Integrated Phase 4). Learning from phase 2 has been taken onboard in the design of these follow-on projects and the area will deliver robust value to PDO / Oman for generations to come. This paper will outline some of the key challenges that were overcome by the design and project execution teams on the phase 2 project and how lessons learned were taken onboard to facilitate project delivery of the extended larger MGI development for follow-up phases and in similarly challenging projects in PDO.
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SUMMARYIn this paper, the control volume method (CVM) with the staggered grid system is utilized to solve the twodimensional Brinkman equation for different configurations of porous media in a horizontal channel. The values of the permeability of sand and clear fluid are considered when performing several numerical investigations which enable the evaluation of the behaviour of the flow through regions that mathematically model some geological features (faults/fractures) present in oil reservoirs or groundwater flows. We have found that the convergence of the CVM can be achieved within a reasonable number of iterations when there is a gap present between a partial barrier of low Darcy number and the channel boundary. However, a complete barrier across the channel results in a very high resistance and hence there is a large pressure drop which causes difficulties in convergence. In order to improve the rate of convergence in such situations, an average pressure correction (APC) technique, which is based on global mass conservation, is developed. The use of this technique, along with the CVM, can rapidly build up the pressure drop across such a barrier and hence dramatically improve the rate of convergence of the iterative scheme.
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