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the main objective of this study is to investigate the status of traffic safety and the public perception of traffic safety during the during cOViD-19 pandemic. three different data sets are used in this study: road crash and traffic violation data from Qatar, and two separate questionnaire surveys (from general public and road safety experts). Results showed that during cOViD-19 period, the total number of crashes in Qatar significantly reduced during the pandemic compared with the previous 5 years. however, the rates of serious and fatal injuries significantly increased. Regarding the general public perceptions, more than 80% reported that roads became safer while driving behaviours improved during the pandemic. On the other hand, more than 50% of the experts disagreed that roads became safer, 55% disagreed that driving behaviours improved and 70% agreed that less attention from governments was directed toward road safety during the pandemic. the findings from this study could help policy makers to understand the road safety status during the pandemic to make appropriate adjustments in the traffic laws and regulations on a temporary basis. this could help in reducing crash-related injuries and as a result reduce pressure on health and other emergency services.

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In this study the removal of Fe and Mn from primary treated municipal wastewater using a new electrode configuration in electrocoagulation was evaluated. The used electrode configuration induced a dielectrophoretic (DEP) force in the electrocoagulation process. The impact of the electrolysis time, electrodes spacing and applied current on the removal of Fe and Mn was evaluated. The maximum removal percentages of Fe and Mn were obtained using an electrolysis time of 60 min, an electrode spacing of 0.5 cm and an applied current of 800 mA. Under these operating conditions and using the new electrodes configuration, the Fe and Mn removals were 96.8% and 66%, respectively. The main advantage of using the DEP-induced electrode configuration was the minimal consumption of the electrodes. The new electrode configuration showed 42% less aluminum content in the reactor compared to the aluminum electrodes with no DEP effect. The energy consumption at the selected operation conditions was 4.88 kWh/m3. The experimental results were comparable with the simulation results achieved by the COMSOL software.