Some pathological observations on the naturally infected dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in
MERS-CoV usually causes respiratory and renal failure in some patients, which may be the underlying cause of death. Dromedary camels are the only known reservoir of the virus until now. They shed the virus in their body secretions thus potentiate a risk for human infection. MERS-CoV tropism and replication is mainly affected by the presence of certain receptor ligands on the target tissues.
The current study was conducted to molecularly identify Sheep pox virus (SPPV) from recent outbreak affected sheep farms in Al-Hassa of Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia during the period between the winter and the spring, 2013. Thirty skin lesions of crusted scab samples were collected from six clinically infected SPPV sheep showing average morbidity and mortality rates of 80% and 15%, respectively. The collected samples were screened for presence of SPPV DNAs using KS-1.5/KS-1.6 and InS-1.1/InS-1.1 / -based multiplex PCR. The P32 gene of selected two positive samples was sequenced and aligned with different SPPV, GTPV and LSDV available in GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Sheep pox virus strain; SPPV/Al-Hassa/2013/Saudi Arabia (accession number, KF204447) clustered on SPPV clade with SPPVs from India and China. This finding elucidated that the causative agent of this recent sheep pox outbreak is SPPV.All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers
The currently known animal reservoir for MERS-CoV is the dromedary camel. The clinical pattern of the MERS-CoV field infection in dromedary camels is not yet fully studied well. Some pathological changes and the detection of the MERS-CoV antigens by immunohistochemistry have been recently reported. However, the nature of these changes by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was not revealed. The objective of this study was to document some changes in the respiratory organs induced by the natural MERS-CoV infection using the SEM. We previously identified three positive animals naturally infected with MERS-CoV and two other negative animals. Previous pathological studies on the positive animals showed varying degrees of alterations. MERS-CoV-S and MERS-CoV-Nc proteins were detected in the organs of positive animals. In the current study, we used the same tissues and sections for the SEM examination. We established a histopathology lesion scoring system by the SEM for the nasal turbinate and trachea. Our results showed various degrees of involvement per animal. The main observed characteristic findings are massive ciliary loss, ciliary disorientation, and goblet cell hyperplasia, especially in the respiratory organs, particularly the nasal turbinate and trachea in some animals. The lungs of some affected animals showed signs of marked interstitial pneumonia with damage to the alveolar walls. The partial MERS-CoV-S gene sequencing from the nasal swabs of some dromedary camels admitted to this slaughterhouse confirms the circulating strains belong to clade-B of MERS-CoV. These results confirm the respiratory tropism of the virus and the detection of the virus in the nasal cavity. Further studies are needed to explore the pathological alterations induced by MERS-CoV infection in various body organs of the MERS-CoV naturally infected dromedary camels.
The present study was designed to study the prevalence of common reproductive disorders that play a role in infertility in female buffaloes. A total of 340 reproductive tractsof female buffaloes was examined. Ovaries, oviducts and uteri were inspected for gross lesion and examined histologically. Ovarian lesions were recorded in 59 animals out of 340 (17.35%) as follows: follicular cysts in 8 animals (2.35%), luteal cysts in 9 animals (2.64%), cystic corpus luteum in 3 animals (0.88%), persist corpus luteum in 18 animals (5.29%), ovarian hypoplasia in one animal (0.29%), oophritis in one animal (0.29%), ovarian hydrobursitis in 2 animals (0.59%),ovario bursal adhesions in 3 animals (0.88%), teratoma in 2 animals (0.59%), fibroma in one animal (0.29%), paraovarian cysts in 11 (3.24%). Hydrosalpinx was recorded in 5 animals (1.47%). Acute endometritis was recorded in 3 animals (0.88%). Chronic endometritis was recorded in 26 animals (7.65%). Adenomyosis was recorded in 2 animals (0.59%). Regarding to the effect of season on the frequency of disorders, the lesions in the summer season either ovarian (ᵡ2=8.11,P>0.05) or uterine (ᵡ2=13.83,P>0.01) were of higher incidence than other seasons. In a conclusion, the current study disclosed that reproductive disorders seem to be an important value with possible subsequent infertility in female buffaloes.
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