<p>This study was aimed at assessing the levels Persistent Organic Pollutant in Challawa River Basin of Kano State, Nigeria. The investigation was particularly plan to assess the presence of PCBs and PAHs in River Challawa and compare the concentrations of the pollutants with the acceptable limit set by Nigerian Standard and other international regulatory agencies. Data were collected using reconnaissance survey; laboratory experiment as well as other secondary data sources. A total of 26 water samples were collected through stratified and systematic random sampling. Three sampling points were chosen and designated A, B and C along the stretch of the river from Yan Danko Bridge to Tamburawa bridge. The result shows that Polychlorinated biphenyls were not detected but polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in all the samples analyzed using GCMS. The total concentrations of PAHs in the water samples range between 0.001 to 0.087mg/l. The analytical results revealed that most of the pollutants present in water were at significantly very high levels especially at Zamawa village situated very close to Challawa industrial estate - the major sources of effluent discharge point, making the drinking water around area is not fit for consumption. In conclusion, it can be said that industrial activities had impact on Challawa River basin and its environment. It is recommended among others that the industries should treat their effluents before releasing them into Challawa river basin. </p><p> </p><p>Keywords: persistent, organic, pollutant, challawa river, Nigeria</p>
This paper introduced the use of two new adsorbents, Akrosorb soda-lime and Bentonite clay, for refinery flare flue gas capture and storage. This study also developed a novel pilot plant model with 409.7149 kg/h capacity refinery flare emission capture with a novel adsorption column configuration using Akrosorb soda-lime and Bentonite clay adsorbents. The flare flue gas adsorption unit was designed, fabricated, test run, and commissioned. The adsorption column temperature is 28 ± 10 °C and has a pressure of 131.7 kPa. The novel plant RSM optimization result shows that 93.24% of CO2 and 62.18% of CO were absorbed, while 86.14% of NOx and 55.87% of HC were absorbed. The established optimum conditions of CO2, NOx, HC, and CO removal efficiency are 22 °C, 2 atm, and 60 min. The variation in flare gas emission could impact the removal efficiency of the plant. The results show the maximum adsorption ability or capacity of 314.30 mg/g, and 68.90 mg/g was reached at 60 min for Akrosorb soda-lime and molded Bentonite adsorbents. Therefore, the developed novel technology for CO2 and other GHG capture is technically feasible and friendly. The combined usage of both adsorbents will enhance the capture of GHG at a low cost compared to using Akrosorb alone as an adsorbent.
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