A circular polarized patch antenna for UHF RFID tag-based sensor applications is presented, with the circular polarization (CP) generated by a new antenna shape, an asymmetric stars shaped slotted microstrip patch antenna (CP-ASSSMP). Four stars etched on the patch allow the antenna’s size to be reduced by close to 20%. The proposed antenna is matched with two RFID chips via inductive-loop matching. The first chip is connected to a resistive sensor and acts as a sensor node, and the second is used as a reference node. The proposed antenna is used for two targets, serving as both reference and sensor simultaneously, thereby eliminating the need for a second antenna. Its reader can read the RFID chips at any orientation of the tag due to the CP. The measured reading range is about 25 m with mismatch polarization. The operating frequency band is 902–929 MHz for the two ports, which is covered by the US RFID band, and the axial-ratio bandwidth is about 7 MHz. In addition, the reader can also detect temperature, based on the minimum difference in the power required by the reference and sensor.
Transportasi kereta api di Indonesia umumnya dan Jakarta khususnya memiliki sejarah yang cukup panjang. Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL), Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) dan Light Rail Transit (LRT) merupakan perkembangan moda transportasi kereta api masa kini. Perkembangan transportasi tidak terlepas dari kepentingan penjajah dalam mengeksploitasi hasil bumi Indonesia. Hingga pada masanya kereta api menjadi angkutan massal yang murah. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode historis dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kereta api di Jakarta dimulai pada tahun 1869 hingga 1873. Pembangunan jalur kereta api diperuntukkan bagi pengangkutan hasil bumi di wilayah Buitenzorg ke batavia atau sebaliknya. Pada perkembangannya, kereta api dianggap mampu juga berperan sebagai angkutan tenaga kerja dan kemudian berkembang lagi menjadi angkutan massal di DKI Jakarta.Kata Kunci : Transportasi, Kereta Api AbsractRail transportation in Indonesia in general and Jakarta in particular has a fairly long history. Electric Rail Trains (KRL), Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT) are the development of today's rail transportation modes. The development of transportation is inseparable from the interests of the colonizers in exploiting Indonesian agricultural products. Until the time the train became a cheap mass transportation. The research method uses historical methods and interviews. The results were obtained that the railroad in Jakarta began in 1869 until 1873. The construction of the railroad was intended for transportation of agricultural products in the Buitenzorg region to Batavia or vice versa. In its development, the train is considered capable of also acting as a transportation of labor and then developing again into mass transportation in DKI Jakarta.Keywords : Transportation, Train
This study aims to determine the background of rail transportation modes developed in Batavia, focusing on the process, the activities between 1873 and 1930, and their economic impact in 1930. It was discovered that the increase in agricultural and plantation yields during the Cultivation Era led caused serious problems in transporting agricultural products from the plantation area to the port. It led to the construction of the first train connecting Batavia to Buitenzorg, operated by the Nederlandsche-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NISM) on 31 January 1873. Another railway company, Staatsspoorwegen (SS), designed to operate the western route, including Batavia – Tanjung Priok, was inaugurated in 1885. It was followed by Batavia – Anyer in 1900 with a Duri – Tangerang branch in 1899 and Bataviasche Ooster Spoorweg Maatschappij (BOSM), which opened the eastern route, Batavia – Bekasi – Karawang, in 1891. Moreover, there is also the Batavia horse tram operated by Bataviasche Tramweg Maatschappij (BTM) in 1869, which served as the beginning of the history of the railroad in Batavia. It was also discovered that the train significantly impacted all economic actors in Batavia, including the farmers, traders, and industries. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mengetahui latar belakang pembangunan moda transportasi kereta api di Batavia, proses pembangunan moda transportasi kereta api di Batavia dan perkembangan perkeretaapian di Batavia pada 1873-1930 serta dampak moda transportasi kereta api terhadap perekonomian Batavia 1930. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa terjadinya peningkatan hasil pertanian dan perkebunan pada era Tanam Paksa yang jumlahnya belipat-lipat menyebabkan masalah yang cukup serius bagi pengangkutan hasil perkebunan dan pertanian dari daerah perkebunan ke pelabuhan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan itu, maka dibangunlah kereta api pertama di Batavia yang menghubungkan Batavia dengan Buitenzorg yang dioperasikan oleh Nederlandsche-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NISM) pada 31 Januari 1873. Selanjutnya terdapat perusahaan kereta api lainnya yang turut beroperasi di Batavia, yaitu Staatsspoorwegen (SS) yang mengoperasikan lintas barat, meliputi Batavia – Tanjung Priok diresmikan tahun 1885, Batavia – Anyer 1900 dengan cabang Duri – Tangerang tahun 1899 dan Bataviasche Ooster Spoorweg Maatschappij (BOSM) yang membuka lintas timur, Batavia – Bekasi – Karawang tahun 1891. Tak lupa juga terdapat trem kuda Batavia yang dioperasikan oleh Bataviasche Tramweg Maatschappij pada tahun 1869 yang mengawali sejarah berdirinya sejarah kereta api di Batavia. Dengan ini kereta api mampu memberikan dampak ekonomi bagi seluruh pelaku ekonomi di Batavia, mulai dari petani, pedagang hingga industri sekalipun. Cite this article: Bandarsyah, D., Abdulhadi, Sulaeman. (2022). The The Development and Economic Impact of Railway in Batavia, 1873-1930. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(2), 159-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.31683
Jatinegara, in this case Jatinegara Station, is one of the locations that has historical traces of a series of events defending the independence of the Republic of Indonesia from the threat of the Dutch Kingdom assisted by the Allies, represented by the British) in the era of the Indonesian independence revolution in 1945-1949. The purpose of this research is to raise the events surrounding the revolution for Indonesian independence at Jatinegara Station in 1945-1949. The method used in this research is the historical research method. The stages in historical research begin with heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography or historical writing. The results showed that Jatinegara Station was involved in a number of events and state duties which were quite important for the continuity of the newly independent Republic of Indonesia. The incident, namely, the takeover of the power of the Railways/Railway Department in Jakarta (September 3, 1945), and the extraordinary Railway Events of the Indonesian President's Entourage Soekarno to Yogyakarta (January 3, 1946). Jatinegara dalam hal ini Stasiun Jatinegara adalah salah satu lokasi yang memiliki jejak sejarah serangkaian peristiwa mempertahankan kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia dari ancaman Kerajaan Belanda dibantu oleh pihak Sekutu, diwakili oleh Inggris) era revolusi kemerdekaan Indonesia tahun 1945-1949. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengangkat peristiwa-peristiwa seputar revolusi kemerdekaan Indonesia di Stasiun Jatinegara tahun 1945-1949. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah. Tahapan dalam penelitian historis diawali dengan heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi atau penulisan sejarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Stasiun Jatinegara terlibat dalam sejumlah peristiwa maupun tugas kenegaraan yang cukup penting bagi kelangsungan Republik Indonesia yang baru saja merdeka. Peristiwa tersebut yaitu, pengambilalihan kekuasaan Perkeretaapian/Djawatan Kereta Api di Jakarta (3 September 1945), dan peristiwa Kereta Api Luar Biasa rombongan Presiden RI Soekarno ke Yogyakarta (3 Januari 1946)
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