Despite the many benefits of blockchain technology in higher education, this technology is not widely adopted by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Therefore, instead of providing additional motives for adopting blockchain technology, this research tries to understand what factors discourage HEIs from merging blockchain with their procedures. The methodology used for this research is based upon qualitative research using 14 interviews with administrative and academic staff from the European Union (EU) and Canada. Our findings based on our empirical data revealed 15 key challenges to blockchain adoption by HEIs that are classified based on the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework. Theoretically, this study contributes to the body of knowledge relating to blockchain technology adoption. Practically, this research is expected to aid HEIs to assess the applicability of blockchain technology and pave the way for the widespread adoption of this technology in the educational field.

Blockchain is one of the latest innovations that is increasingly attracting the attention of various stakeholders in different fields, including the education sector. This is primarily due to its attractive features, such as decentralization, transparency, traceability, security, and reliability. Despite its advantages, blockchain still faces several challenges, and the acceptance rate of this technology is still low. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a review of published articles that have discussed the challenges of adopting blockchain in the education sector. The review contained scientific papers published from 2017 to 2022 and, from the screened records, 32 articles were analyzed in full-text form. In this review, 14 challenges were reported and classified, based on the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. In addition, this review showed that organizational and environmental barriers received little attention in the literature, compared to technological barriers.

Today’s cars can share data with other cars, automakers, and service providers. Shared data can help improve the driving experience, the performance of the car, and the traffic situations. Among all data-collection techniques, blockchain technology offers an immutable and secure solution to support data collection in the automotive industry. Despite its advantages, collecting auto data with blockchain still faces several challenges. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a review of published articles that have addressed the challenges of adopting blockchain for data collection in the automotive industry. This paper allowed us to answer the predefined research question: “What are the challenges of using blockchain for data collection in the automotive industry as presented in the published literature?” The review included articles published from 2017 to January 2022, and from the screened records, 13 articles were analyzed in full-text form. The founded challenges were categorized into seven categories: connectivity, privacy, security attacks, scalability, performance, costs, and monetizing. This review will help researchers, car manufacturers, and third-party suppliers to assess the applicability of the blockchain for data collection.

With concepts such as immersion and presence, known as hedonistic qualities of importance in the virtual reality (VR) experience, the question arises whether the more pragmatic heuristics are effective in the evaluation of an artifact. However, despite the importance of the heuristics for artifact evaluations, the available studies do not provide a rigorous review of these heuristics and their efficiency. Thus, this review aims to look at how heuristics have been applied in various virtual learning environments (VLEs) that involve virtual reality learning activities, either for use in heuristic evaluations or as design principles. In addition, it examines how these heuristics support the evaluation of a more hedonistic quality, such as presence, and lastly, the aim is to gauge the estimated efficiency of heuristics as an evaluation method. This article is a systematic review of research investigating using heuristics in a virtual reality learning context. The review includes articles published from January 2017 to February 2022, and from the screened records, twelve articles were analyzed in full-text form. This review shows the versatility of heuristics and their applications as well as the key concepts that are vital to the user’s experience in a virtual reality learning context. This review indicates that heuristic evaluation is a valuable tool, as it provides a clear summary of what needs to be handled in the next iteration of the application.

As the functionality and services provided by cloud computing increase, control access to these services becomes more complex, and more security breaches are generated. This is mainly based on the emergence of new requirements and constraints in the open, dynamic, heterogeneous, and distributed cloud environment. Despite the importance of identifying these requirements for designing and evaluating access control models, the available studies do not provide a rigorous review of these requirements and the mechanisms that fulfill them. The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature review of the published articles that have dealt with cloud access control requirements and techniques. This paper allowed us to answer the following two research questions: What cloud access control security requirements have been presented in the published literature? What access control mechanisms are proposed to fulfill them? This review yielded 21 requirements and nine mechanisms, reported by 20 manuscripts. The identified requirements in this review will help researchers, academics and practitioners assess the effectiveness of cloud access control models and identify gaps that are not addressed in the proposed solutions. In addition, this review showed the current cloud access control mechanisms used to meet these requirements such as access control based on trust, risk, multi-tenant, and attribute encryption.