The aim of this research is to investigate the antibacterial activity and identify the phytochemical constituents of Mangifera indica leafs on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus using disc diffusion method. The sample was collected fresh from the premises of Bioresources Development Center (BIODEC), Katsina, Katsina State and was dried and pounded into powder. The powdered leaves were extracted using ethanol and aqueous solvents. Various concentrations ranging from 500mg to 62.5mg were prepared. Test isolates were obtained from the Microbiology laboratory, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina (UMYUK) and were further authenticated using Gram staining and biochemical test. The bacterial inoculums were standardized to McFarland scale 0.5. Zones of inhibition were read after 24 hours at 370C. The results of the antibacterial study revealed that the ethanolic leaves extracts at 500mg/ml had effect on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus with zones of inhibition of 12mm and 6mm respectively. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and phenols where only alkaloids was found to be absent in the aqueous extract. There is no significant difference between the solvents and various concentrations used base on t-test data analysis.
<div><p>The work is composed of python based programmatic tool that automates the workflow of drug discovery for coronavirus. Firstly, the python program is written to automate the process of data mining PubChem database to collect data required to perform a machine learning based AutoQSAR algorithm through which drug leads for coronavirus are generated. The data acquisition from PubChem was carried out through python web scrapping techniques. The workflow of the machine learning based AutoQSAR involves feature learning and descriptor selection, QSAR modelling, validation and prediction. The drug leads generated by the program are required to satisfy the Lipinski’s drug likeness criteria as compounds that satisfy Lipinski’s criteria are likely to be an orally active drug in humans. Drug leads generated by the program are fed as programmatic inputs to an In Silico modelling package to computer model the interaction of the compounds generated as drug leads and two coronavirus drug targets identified with their PDB ID : 6W9C and 1P9U. The results are stored in the working folder of the user. The program also generates protein-ligand interaction profiling and stores the visualized images in the working folder of the user. Thus our programmatic tool ushers in the new age automatic ease in drug identification for coronavirus through a fully automated QSAR and an automated In Silico modelling of the drug leads generated by the autoQSAR algorithm.<br><br></p><p>The program is hosted, maintained and supported at the GitHub repository link given below</p><p><a href="https://github.com/bengeof/Programmatic-tool-to-automate-the-drug-discovery-workflow-for-coronavirus">https://github.com/bengeof/Programmatic-tool-to-automate-the-drug-discovery-workflow-for-coronavirus</a></p></div>
Plant secondary metabolites have provided important bioactive principles for developing new lead compounds. Within their confinement, they exhibit unique chemical diversity, which influences their diverse biological properties. The Vitaceae family is known for its potent antioxidant and antibacterial phytoconstituents, among other biological properties. Cyphostemma adenocaule is one of the family members explored for its ethnomedicinal properties. This study undertook the evaluation of the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the root extract of Cyphostemma adenocaule. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates & glycoside, saponins, and tannins. The methanol root extract had the highest activity in the DPPH assay, providing IC50 (50% inhibition) of 10.87µg/ml, followed by n-Hexane (IC50 74.10µg/ml) and chloroform (IC50 74.31µg/ml) extract. In the antibacterial assay, the chloroform extract was active against E. coli (24.00±0.15) and had moderate activity against Staph. aureus (12.5±0.18). The n-Hexane extract was completely inactive against the test organisms while the methanol extract showed poor activity against the test organisms. The present study adds to the existing literature on Cyphostemma adenocaule with scientific evidence into its biological properties.
<p><i>Cyphostemma adenocaule </i>(Steud. ex A. Rich.) is one of the specie plant that belongs to the family vitacea. In this study, Trilinolein was isolated and characterized from the methanol root extract of the plant. Column chromatography over silica gel granules as the stationary phase and eluted with a mobile phase mixture of n-Hex-EtA; EtA-CHCL3 and CHCL<sub>3</sub>-MeOH with gradient increasing polarity, followed by a second column using saphadex-LH20 and 100% MeOH as stationary and mobile phase vehicle respectively. TLC was developed with EtA 15: CHCL3<sub> </sub>8: MeOH 4: H<sub>2</sub>O 1 as solvent system; sprayed with 10% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>,Vanillin-sulphuric acid, and/ or Polyethylene glycol PEG and heat for spot detection and confirmation of bioactive principles. Compound CA1 was obtained and purified with CHCL3 to give a yellow semi-solid compound (0.23g). The <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra showed 9 different signals; a signal peak of a glycerol (-C<b>H<sub>2</sub></b>OCOR-) moiety on the first α-C chain and on the third αʹ-C at 4.143-4.187ppm and 4.296-4.325ppm respectively, while that of a β glycerol (-C<b>H</b>COR-) at 5.286ppm. Signals of an allylic methylene group at 2.023-2.035ppm, Olefenic hydrogen group at signal peak of 5.362ppm and a diallylic methylene group at signal 2.790ppm were also observed. In the <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra of compound CA1, 57 carbon atoms where observed, multiple signals overlapping at a range of 14.13-34.21ppm corresponding to the aliphatic CH3 (<b>C18</b>), CH2 (<b>C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C15, C16, and C17</b>) and allylic (<b>C8, C14</b>) carbon atoms. Signals at 127.90-130.24ppm were assigned to the olefienic C atoms (<b>C9, C10, C12</b>, and <b>C13</b>) while signal of 172.87ppm and 173.32ppm were assigned to the carbonyl (<b>C</b>=O) carbon atoms (<b>C1 </b>and<b> C2</b>) respectively (Table 2). </p> <p>Analysis with DEPT-135, H-H COSY, HMBC and HSQC assignments of CA1 augments assignment of signals made for CA1 from <sup>1</sup>H-NMR and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR and corresponded to that of Trilinolein <u>(<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=C57H98O6">C<sub>57</sub>H<sub>98</sub>O<sub>6</sub></a>, </u>MW 879.4 g/mol). The isolated compound was positive for the acrolein test for triglycerides; fat & oil and had an IC<sub>50</sub> of 46.08µg/ml radical scavenging activity.</p>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.