Intensive breeding programmes have been carried out to obtain high‐quality seedless grape cultivars. Seedless grape cultivars were used as pollinizer parents, but the number of hybrid seeds and the viability of the seed obtained could differ greatly. In this study, carried out over 3 years, the results obtained from crossing with some pollinizer cultivars belonging to different Vitis species were compared. Maternal cultivars that do not need emasculation (male sterile) and emasculated cultivars were also compared. Evaluations were based on the total number of hybrid seeds and the proportion of viable seeds. In addition, the effects of various treatments on the rates of germination of the hybrid seed were compared. Although the female parents (with female flower structure) produced more seed than did hermaphrodite mothers in 2019, different results were obtained in cross‐breeding studies in 2018 and 2020. Cold stratification was very effective in increasing germination by breaking dormancy of the hybrid seed. In addition, after treatment of cold moist storage (cold stratification), keeping the seed in distilled water overnight before planting increased germination. Although large numbers of seeds were produced by the genotype 86/1 and the cultivar ‘Beyaz Çavuş’, both of which do not require emasculation, many of these seeds did not germinate. Crosses with the cultivar ‘Red Globe’ as the maternal parent produced large numbers of viable seeds and high germination rates.
Turkey is the gene centre of many plant species and at the same time have important plant species and diversity. Turkey is one of the countries with different ecologic due to its geographical position and different climate structures. It is also successfully cultivated in many foreign species. 75 of the 138 species known in the world are grown in Turkey. Kiwifruit is one of these plants [1]. Despite the fact that the kiwifruit homeland is China, the first breeding work started in 1904 with the introduction of kiwifruit seeds to New Zealand and spread over the world from New Zealand. A very large part of the kiwifruit grown in Turkey is Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward. However, in recent years new cultivars have been developed in countries such as Italy, New Zealand and China. These are cultivars of A.chinensis and A.deliciosa which have different fruit flesh, aroma and harvest time.Kiwifruit was first introduced to Turkey in 1988 and from this date to daily (about 30 years) production has increased every year. With the increasing production, all over the world, the demands of the consumers began to change. Consumers started to demand different cultivars, and started to work on breeding to develop new kiwifruit cultivars to provide an alternative to single cultivar [2].In this breeding program, it is a priority aim to develop cultivars of kiwifruit with a yellow and/or red fleshed to the grower of our country.
Breeding studies in viticulture have been widely used for many years in order to obtain new cultivars.
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