Influenza vaccine hesitancy was low at KAMC. The most common reason for vaccine refusal was believing that it had no positive effect and that it is unnecessary. The most common sources of information for influenza vaccine were awareness campaigns and medical staff. Participants had high levels of trust in both the Saudi Ministry of Health and doctors.
Depression is a common mental illness that has a profound impact on an estimated number of 300 million people worldwide. Depression is stigmatised in communities and even physicians, especially, non-psychiatric physicians, which affects depressed patients’ care. This study aims to investigate non-psychiatric physicians’ attitudes towards depression in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study surveyed 380 participants using Revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire. Non-psychiatric physicians in Riyadh are optimistic and have a positive perspective towards depression. Yet, the majority preferred dealing with physical rather than mental illness. Understanding the attitudes of medical practitioners is important to shape service delivery and assess training needs.
Background: Childhood obesity remains a public health issue globally. The latest estimate from the World Health Organization showed that over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5–19 were overweight or obese in 2016. Objective: Our study aimed to assess the density of fast food outlets around educational facilities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: We employed geospatial and quantitative analyses using data on fast food outlets (from surveys conducted between November 2019 and May 2020) and educational facilities in Riyadh city. Data analyses conducted using ArcMap 10.6 and Stata 15 compared the density within 500 m and 500–1000 m from the facilities. Results: We found a high density of fast food outlets around educational facilities. Nearly 80% of fast food were within twelve-minute walking or five-minute driving distances from schools, and nearly 70% of all educational facilities had at least one fast food outlet within the buffer. We also found the densities were high within both the areas closer and the areas farther away from educational facilities. In addition, the density was significantly higher around private schools compared to government schools, and the density around girls-only schools and both-gender schools was higher than that around boys-only schools. Conclusion: There is a high density of fast food outlets around educational facilities in Saudi Arabia. Effective policies are needed to help reduce potential exposure to fast food among young people in Saudi Arabia and other countries with similar settings.
BackgroundIn Saudi Arabia, cardiovascular diseases are among the top causes of death and disability, and smoking is one of the leading risk factors, particularly among males.ObjectiveOur study aims to evaluate the compliance with the anti-smoking law among cigarette retailers and examine the visibility of cigarette retailers around educational facilities in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia.MethodsWe conducted a mapping survey and geospatial analysis of cigarette retailers around educational facilities from February to March 2020 (before the COVID-19 restriction) in Al-Olaya municipality in Riyadh city as a pilot study. We found 249 retailers, of which 152 sold cigarettes. Data analyses in ArcMap 10.6 compared the visibility within 250 and 500 meters from educational facilities.ResultsWe found many retailers were not compliant with the tobacco control regulation: 57.1% of minimarkets sell cigarettes, 15.8% of cigarette retailers display the products openly, and 12.5% of cigarette retailers sold cigarettes by the stick. Moreover, 71% of the total cigarette retailers were within 500 m from schools, and 62% of all schools had at least one cigarette retailer within 500 m buffer (5-min walking or 2–3-min driving distance).ConclusionThere is non-compliance with the anti-smoking law among cigarette retailers and high visibility of cigarette retailers around educational facilities in Saudi Arabia. Monitoring is needed for the effective implementation of tobacco control policies.
Acute bronchitis is a transient upper respiratory tract inflammation. It is one of the most commonly occurring illnesses in ambulatory care and the most frequently encountered diagnosis by primary care physicians. It is a self-limiting disease however it encompasses a wide range of symptoms pertaining to upper respiratory tract that last for at least 2 to 3 weeks. Acute bronchitis does not have a treatment regime and the symptoms are managed conservatively. The purpose of this review is to discuss the management of acute bronchitis, current trends and practices in daily practice. A robust literature search was done on various electronic databases and a wide variety of studies were retrieved which included a multitude of small and large scale randomized clinical, placebo-controlled trials, systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines were retrieved. Some of the commonly used medicines for symptomatic management of acute bronchitis are antitussive agents, protussive agents, bronchodilator therapy and alternative therapy. Clinical practice guidelines state there is no significant role of antibiotics in acute bronchitis as it does not improve or reduce the duration of symptoms in patients. Furthermore, it is associated with a wide array of adverse effects, antibiotic resistance and leads to inflated health care costs. Despite strict recommendations, antibiotics are highly prescribed by physicians for acute bronchitis based on patient factors such as protracted symptoms, diagnostic uncertainty, possibility of ensuing pneumonia and to meet patient expectations. Physicians should play a key role in educating patients about the course of the disease, raising their awareness on the timeline of symptoms, offer reassurance, informing them on the lack of added benefits of antibiotics and suggesting alternative therapies thereby reducing unwarranted prescriptions in the best interests of the patient
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