Skilled workers' performance is one of the crucial aspects of labour productivity that requires proper attention for effective projects delivery in the construction industry. The level of skilled workers' low performance has been seen to be a major factor which contributes toward inefficient construction projects productivity. Therefore, the objective of this research is to identify the causes of low-skilled workers' performance in construction projects in the Nigeria. The objective was achieved through a structured quantitative method of questionnaire distributed to 150 respondents that comprise of active stakeholders in the Nigerian construction industry. 111 responses representing 74 % were retrieved. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The finding shows that; low wages of skilled, lack of sufficient skill acquisition centres and lack of incentive schemes for skilled workers were the most significant causes of low-skilled workers' performance in the Nigerian construction industry. The homogenous analysis indicates that there are significant differences in perception of respondents on few variables whereas majority of respondents have similarities in most of the variables. The research findings indicate the need for stakeholders in the Nigerian construction industry to provide incentives and motivate skilled workers, provide training and retraining, conducive working condition, supply of quality materials and equipment, and proper site management in order improve low-skilled workers' performance in Nigerian construction industry towards optimal performance.
Despite all the global stakeholders call for a paradigm shift from the traditional design and construction practices, green buildings awareness for greater client`s benefits realization is still lagging in the Nigerian construction industry. It is premise that, lack of adequate client awareness on the potential benefits realization and high costs associated with design and construction are seen to be key barriers in delivering green and sustainable buildings in the construction industry. Viewed from the concept of community of practice (CoP), it is the corporate social responsibility of the construction industry stakeholders to improve the current level of client`s awareness on green buildings and benefits realization. It is argued that a major setback to green building programs adoption is the lack of public awareness. This paper seeks to assess the level of client`s awareness on green building designs and the potential long term benefits to be achieved by delivering green and sustainable buildings. The study adopts an inductive approach and qualitative method. The data for analysis was collated through interview with both informed and ill-informed in the Nigerian construction industry and analyzed using thematic analysis. In this paper, design and developing green buildings is seen to have a great potential to optimize client's/owners benefits realization, through energy efficiency; organizational level of productivity and minimize building lifecycle operation costs in Nigerian commercial buildings. This can only be achieved if the client is well informed of the benefits to be realized in short term and in the long term
A stratigraphic interpretation was carried out on the processed single-channel data. Four major sequence boundaries were interpreted; two are sub-horizontal erosional surfaces while the other two show permanent onlap. Four major sedimentary units were interpreted on the single-channel data within a time range of 730 ms. Shelf break exists at a water depth of 640±17 m on profile Fig. 2, 480±16 m on profile Fig. 3. The profiles were interpreted to show sequences of glacially prograded sediments lying underneath the outer continental shelf. These sediments were deposited by grounded ice during times of glacial maximum which caused deposition in an overall progradational style and the grounded ice must have reached the continental shelf edge many times on most parts of the Bellingshausen Sea margin. The continental shelf across the area where these lines are located is relatively horizontal and the movement of ice front was across the whole area.
Energy efficiency is fundamental to enhancing homes affordability. There are several unique challenges to affordable housing that owner-developers need to address in order for energy efficiency to make significant economic sense. Issues such as Transaction Costs (TCs) plays a significant role in achieving building energy efficiency (BEE) for affordable housing delivery. It is evident that split incentives, information asymmetry, institutional transition, opportunistic behavior, and ill-informed users incur different levels of TCs and affect stakeholder’s willingness to take part in BEE for affordable housing. A better understanding of the nature and structure of TCs is indispensable to enhance the market-drive and investment for BEE affordable housing. Uncertainty, specific investment, frequency, and bounded rationality seen as the key dimensions of TCs. The research focuses on how to minimize TCs involve in BEE affordable housing delivery. It was found in the literature that, the level of TCs for building energy efficiency estimated at 20.5% of total project costs. A conceptual competency-driven benefits realization model is proposed for minimizing TCs taking into consideration the peculiarities of the current housing projects delivery. This research aims to establish the significance of leveraging on BEE project team-competency and commitment organized within a strategic Benefits Realization Management framework to optimize client‘s benefits regarding minimizing TCs. The focus is on the aspect of a developer’s competencies and their project team commitment concerning minimizing TCs that structured within a Benefits Realization Management (BRM) practice. This model is proposed as a pro-active enabler tool to achieve Value for Money in BEE affordable housing projects. This paper is part of a series of publications.
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