Land registration has assumed popularity around the developing countries for quiet sometime; the argument that it is capable of enhancing access to credit is often the underlying factor for implementing land registration programs. Several studies in the developing world have not found any significant relationship between land registration and access to credit. The aim of this paper is to establish whether or not the absence of registered land titles is a barrier to credit access amongst small enterprises in Ghana. The study involved credit officers and the results amongst other things show that as far as the main stream commercial banks are concerned, landed property is not eligible for use as collateral unless it is formally registered. Unregistered property is however accepted as collateral by the microfinance institutions. Therefore the exact impact of land registration on credit access may vary depending on the type of lender.
The purpose of this paper is to: (i) empirically investigate the extent to which the use of the YP [Dual rate] model for leasehold valuation actually reflects market agents' behaviour in England; and (ii) systematically examine its impact on leasehold valuations. The qualitative research methodology was adopted where interviews were conducted face-to-face and via phone with 105 purchasers of leasehold interests in Cressington Heath neighbourhood of Liverpool in 2012. QSR NVIVO 10 was used to code the data for analysis. It has been established that purchasers of leasehold interests do not make provision for an ASF in practice. Indeed, the method adopted is the direct opposite of what the model positspurchasers use debt capital to procure property after which they commence amortising the loan periodically. There are also other approaches that can be used to make provision for a future expense and it is surprising the focus is on only the ASF method. Using the model to value, particularly, short leases leads to significant undervaluation, especially, when taxation is introduced. For very long leases, however, it does not actually matter whether it is YP [Perpetuity] , YP [Single rate] , YP [Dual rate] or YP [Dual rate adjusted for tax] that is used as the resultant valuation will be the same.
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