Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation is a prevalent finding in German school children. The prevalence varies highly in different regions, and the high rate of severe forms has clinically relevant implications.

Parents of newborn children have to receive information about timely start of tooth brushing and adequate use of nursing bottles.

Adolescents with intellectual disabilities seem to have benefited from various caries preventive measures which had been introduced during the last two decades in Germany but still have a poorer oral health than the general population. More specific prevention programmes seeking close cooperation with parents, custodians, and caretakers should be developed.

Children with immigration background demonstrated more caries and received less dental care when compared to children without migration experience. The community prevention programmes, addressed similarly to all children, could not close the gap in oral health between immigrant and non-immigrant children.