Objective: To compare the effectiveness of mirror therapy and motor relearning program for improving the upper limb motor function in stroke patients. Study Design: A randomized control trial with registration number IRCT20200316046791N1 (IRCT). Place and Duration of Study: Al-Noor Hospital and Al Jannat Medicare, Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan, from Jan to Jul 2020. Methodology: Sample size consisted of 30 patients recruited by convenient sampling. Patients were randomized into two groups. Both groups received 5 sessions a week for 6 weeks. Group A received Motor Relearning Program while the treatment of group B was Mirror Therapy. Motor part of Fugl Meyer Assessment was used as an outcome measure. Non parametric Friedman test was used for within group analysis, while for between group analyses Karuskal-Wallis test was used. Results: The total participants who suffer from left hemiplegia were 22 whereas the patients having right hemiplegia were 8. The mean age of participants in both groups was 53.80 ± 7.6 group A median (interquartile range) at pre-assessment was 5.00 (3) at mid-assessment median=15.00 (4) while at post assessment median was 25.00 (6). Group B median at baseline was 6.00 (4), at mid-assessment median=14.00 (9), post assessment median was 17.00 (13). Mid and post assessment comparison showed both treatments improved the motor function. Statistically the results were non-significant (p>0.005). Both treatments improved the motor function in stroke patients. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the effectiveness of Mirror Therapy and Motor relearning program in improving the upper limb motor function of stroke patients.
Background and Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of positional release therapy versus integrated neuromuscular ischemic technique in the treatment of upper trapezius trigger points. Subject: 40students were selected for the study. Method:The 40 selected subjects with trapezius trigger points were randomly divided into 2 groups of 20 patients each. All participants who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected from Isra Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences. Informed consent was taken from students. In both groups, trigger points were identified by the STAR palpation method, assessment Performa was filled up by the therapist and neck range of motion assessed by INCLINOMETER and neck pain was assessed by NUMERIC PAIN SCALE as base line measurement on the first day (pre-test scores) before starting the treatment.Results: PRT and INIT patients, results showed, among PRT patients NPR before treatment was 4.05±0.76 and after treatment it went down significantly to 2.25±0.79, similarly among INIT patients mean NPR was 4.4±1.1 and after treatment it was 1.4±0.76 and differences were statistically significant with p-value less than 0.05. Conclusion:The present study was done to find out the effectiveness of INIT versus PRT in the treatment of upper trapezius trigger points. This study endorses that trigger points in trapezius can cause neck pain with restriction in cervical range of motion. Both groups were found to be effective in reducing pain and improving cervical range of motion. However, when both groups were compared, there was a significant improvement in INIT group with greater mean than the PRT group.
Abstract:The study was conducted to check the prevalence and associated factors among pregnancy. It was an observational cross sectional study.102 pregnant females was carefully chosen for the study. Different private and Govt. hospital of Karachi. Each participant was asked to stand in a quiet room Face to face interview was conducted. Consent form was given to females who were willing to participate. Physical investigation was done.The prevalence is 32 % in France. The prevalence of Brazil is 13.5%. In Japan the prevalence is 19.9%Research confirmed high prevalence of RLS in third trimester there is less awareness on RLS in females.RLS can have adverse effect in pregnant females as it may persuade sleep complaint .The exact cause of RLS is unknown .The factors include dietary factors ,hormonal factors, physiological changes and genetic factor during pregnancy. Restless Legs Syndrome was 47.1% with IRLS Scores between 21 -30, Prevalence of Very Severe Restless Legs Syndrome was 46.1% with IRLS Scores between 31 -40, there were none of the sample found at mild stage who had IRLS scores between 1 -10.the outcomes of Epworth Sleepiness scale, it was found that 64.7% of the females her Normal ESS Score of between 0 -10, so the overall prevalence of Epworth Sleepiness in our data was 35.3%. The prevalence of Mild Epworth sleepiness was 29.4% with ESS scores between 11 -14, prevalence of moderate Epworth Sleepiness was 5.9% with ESS Scores between 15 -18, and none of the sample was found to be at severe stage of Epworth sleepiness, i.e. a ESS Scores between 19 -24.
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