At present days, DR becomes a more common disease affecting the eyes because of drastic rise in the glucose level of blood. Almost half of the people under the age of 70's get severely affected due to diabetes. The earlier recognition and proper medication results to loss of vision in several DR patients. When the warning signs are identified, the severity level of the disease has to be validated to take decisions regarding the proper treatment. The current research focuses on the concept of classifying the images of DR fundus based on the severity level using a deep learning model. This paper proposes a deep learning based automated detection and classification model for fundus diabetic retinopathy (DR) images. The proposed method involves several processes namely preprocessing, segmentation and classification. Initially, preprocessing stage is carried out to get rid of the unnecessary noise exist in the edges. Next, histogram based segmentation takes place to extract the useful regions from the image. Then, synergic deep learning (SDL) model is applied to classify DR fundus images to various severity levels. The justification of the presented SDL model is carried out on Messidor DR dataset. The experimentation indicated that the presented SDL model offers better classification over the existing models.

Nowadays, quality improvement and increased accessibility to patient data, at a reasonable cost, are highly challenging tasks in healthcare sector. Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing (CC) architectures are utilized in the development of smart healthcare systems. These entities can support real-time applications by exploiting massive volumes of data, produced by wearable sensor devices. The advent of evolutionary computation algorithms and Deep Learning (DL) models has gained significant attention in healthcare diagnosis, especially in decision making process. Skin cancer is the deadliest disease which affects people across the globe. Automatic skin lesion classification model has a highly important application due to its fine-grained variability in the presence of skin lesions. The current research article presents a new skin lesion diagnosis model i.e., Deep Learning with Evolutionary Algorithm based Image Segmentation (DL-EAIS) for IoT and cloud-based smart healthcare environments. Primarily, the dermoscopic images are captured using IoT devices, which are then transmitted to cloud servers for further diagnosis. Besides, Backtracking Search optimization Algorithm (BSA) with Entropy-Based Thresholding (EBT) i.e., BSA-EBT technique is applied in image segmentation. Followed by, Shallow Convolutional Neural Network (SCNN) model is utilized as a feature extractor. In addition, Deep-Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (D-KELM) model is employed as a classification model to determine the class labels of dermoscopic images. An extensive set of simulations was conducted to validate the performance of the presented method using benchmark dataset. The experimental outcome infers that

The rise of cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS) as a novel paradigm has revolutionized the relationship among humans, computers and physical environment. The key technologies to design CPSS directly related to multidisciplinary technologies including cyber-physical systems (CPS) and cyber-social systems (CSS). Unfortunately, the design of CPSS is not an easier process because of the network heterogeneity, complex hardware and software entities. At the same time, fog computing is emerged as an expansion of cloud computing which efficiently addresses the abovementioned issue. Resource provisioning is a main technology involved in fog computing. This paper devises a novel fuzzy clustering with flower pollination algorithm called FCM-FPA as a resource provisioning model for fog computing. At the earlier stage, the resource attributes are standardized and normalized. Next, the fuzzy clustering with FPA is developed for partitioning the resources and the scalability of resource searching has been minimized. At last, the presented resource provisioning algorithm based on optimized fuzzy clustering has been devised. The performance of the proposed FCM-FPA model has been tested using a set of two benchmark Iris and Wine dataset. The experimental outcome ensured that the FCM-FPA model has shown proficient results over the compared methods by offering maximum user satisfaction and effective resource provisioning.

In recent times, coronary artery disease (CAD) has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Diagnosing the presence and severity of CAD in individuals is essential for choosing the best course of treatment. Presently, computed tomography (CT) provides high spatial resolution images of the heart and coronary arteries in a short period. On the other hand, there are many challenges in analyzing cardiac CT scans for signs of CAD. Research studies apply machine learning (ML) for high accuracy and consistent performance to overcome the limitations. It allows excellent visualization of the coronary arteries with high spatial resolution. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are widely applied in medical image processing to identify diseases. However, there is a demand for efficient feature extraction to enhance the performance of ML techniques. The feature extraction process is one of the factors in improving ML techniques’ efficiency. Thus, the study intends to develop a method to detect CAD from CT angiography images. It proposes a feature extraction method and a CNN model for detecting the CAD in minimum time with optimal accuracy. Two datasets are utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The present work is unique in applying a feature extraction model with CNN for CAD detection. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed method achieves 99.2% and 98.73% prediction accuracy, with F1 scores of 98.95 and 98.82 for benchmark datasets. In addition, the outcome suggests that the proposed CNN model achieves the area under the receiver operating characteristic and precision-recall curve of 0.92 and 0.96, 0.91 and 0.90 for datasets 1 and 2, respectively. The findings highlight that the performance of the proposed feature extraction and CNN model is superior to the existing models.

In recent times, artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been applied in document and content management to make decisions and improve the organization’s functionalities. However, the lack of semantics and restricted metadata hinders the current document management technique from achieving a better outcome. E-Government activities demand a sophisticated approach to handle a large corpus of data and produce valuable insights. There is a lack of methods to manage and retrieve bilingual (Arabic and English) documents. Therefore, the study aims to develop an ontology-based AI framework for managing documents. A testbed is employed to simulate the existing and proposed framework for the performance evaluation. Initially, a data extraction methodology is utilized to extract Arabic and English content from 77 documents. Researchers developed a bilingual dictionary to teach the proposed information retrieval technique. A classifier based on the Naïve Bayes approach is designed to identify the documents’ relations. Finally, a ranking approach based on link analysis is used for ranking the documents according to the users’ queries. The benchmark evaluation metrics are applied to measure the performance of the proposed ontological framework. The findings suggest that the proposed framework offers supreme results and outperforms the existing framework.

Digital image security plays an essential role in the shared communication model. Encryption and decryption process is commonly applied to securely transmit the images in various real-time applications. In addition, the generation of encryption/decryption keys is also essential to achieve enhanced image security. This study presents a multiple share creation scheme with an optimal signcryption (MSS-OSC) technique for digital image security. The MSS-OSC technique primarily generates a set of various shares for every digital image that needs to be transmitted. In addition, the encryption of generated shares takes place via the optimal signcryption (OSC) technique. Moreover, genetic programming (GP) is employed to optimally choose the keys involved in the encryption and decryption process. The detailed experimental validation of the MSS-OSC technique is investigated using a set of benchmark test images. The results analysis demonstrated that the MSS-OSC technique had a superior performance by accomplishing maximum digital image security.

The question-answering system (QAS) aims to produce a response to a query using information from a text corpus. Arabic is a complex language. However, it has more than 450 million native speakers across the globe. The Saudi Arabian government encourages organizations to automate their routine activities to provide adequate services to their stakeholders. The performance of current Arabic QASs is limited to the specific domain. An effective QAS retrieves relevant responses from structured and unstructured data based on the user query. Many QAS studies categorized QASs according to factors, including user queries, dataset characteristics, and the nature of the responses. A more comprehensive examination of QASs is required to improve the QAS development according to the present QAS requirements. The current literature presents the features and classifications of the Arabic QAS. There is a lack of studies to report the techniques of Arabic QAS development. Thus, this study suggests a systematic literature review of strategies for developing Arabic QAS. A total of 617 articles were collected, and 40 papers were included in the proposed review. The outcome reveals the importance of the dataset and the deep learning techniques used to improve the performance of the QAS. The existing systems depend on supervised learning methods that lower QAS performance. In addition, the recent development of machine learning techniques encourages researchers to develop unsupervised QAS.

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