Tres comunidades: hindúes, musulmanes y el gobierno británico, se enfrentaron durante el movimiento de libertad indio. Esta batalla ideológica y realpolítica se libró en todo el subcontinente indio. Es irónico que la comunidad musulmana se dividiera en dos escuelas de pensamiento como su respuesta al nacionalismo. Fue esta vez cuando el liderazgo religioso y político estaban luchando por la protección de los derechos de la comunidad musulmana. Estos derechos eran tanto políticos como religiosos. Esta contribución de Sajjada Nashins se jugó en tres niveles: su atractivo personal, su apoyo institucional sufí y su compromiso con el principal partido político musulmán; es decir, toda la Liga Musulmana de la India. El trabajo analiza los servicios de los Sajjada Nashines de los santuarios, para resaltar su contribución a la comunidad musulmana y la creación de Pakistán. El estudio es exploratorio, descriptivo y analítico.
This study explores the growth of cotton processing and spinning industry in Lyallpur. Cotton industry was established by British government especially in Lyallpur which was renowned as the greatest industry of Pakistan. Cotton the white gold enhanced the position of spindles and spinning industry. These industries played important role in the economy of Pakistan generally and especially in Lyallpur, a city of Punjab. Library research has been used to analyze the growth of cotton processing and spinning industry in Lyallpur. Primary and secondary sources were used to draw a rational conclusion. This study observed that due to vague strategy of governments the cotton industry faced problems in growth. Heavy taxes were imposed on production of cotton industry and many taxes were also imposed on the imports of industrial machinery. This study recommends that government should reserve a special budget for industry. Machinery and industry must be given rebate on imports and exclusion of taxable income.
Terrorism is the most important problem of the today's world. It is not a new phenomenon in the national and international politics but it expanded in the post World War II period. Despite its growth as a multi-faceted political concept, it is not well-understood especially, in the Western World where every act of violence against state or society is considered terrorism. It has become all too pervasive in the post 9/11 period where antigovernment protests, legitimate political movements and uprisings for independence, ethnic discriminations, domestic religious or sectarian acts and several other actions involving violence have been bracketed as terrorism. But the question regarding oppression of states against the innocent citizens demanding their right of self-determination is still unanswered. This paper is an attempt to identify the origins of terrorism as it has come to preoccupy the world in the post 9/11 period, its various dimensions and new faces, and to identify its emerging facets and future challenges
Este documento arroja luz sobre la importancia del federalismo en la construcción de la nación, analizando en qué medida la Enmienda 18 ha fortalecido a la federación de Pakistán, y de ahí, qué papel ha jugado el federalismo en la construcción de la nación. Para Pakistán, el sistema federal es la penitencia de tales demandas y problemas, mientras que la enmienda 18 ha dado un curso definitivo que conduce a la construcción de la nación al avanzar ciertas medidas, que de adoptarse, pueden obtener resultados alentadores; es difícil ignorar la importancia de las instituciones políticas. La gobernanza inclusiva y descentralizada permitiría a la federación de Pakistán desempeñar su papel en la construcción de la nación a través de intereses e identidades complacientes.
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