Radicalization is a global event affecting different countries and present in different historical contexts. Psychiatrists can help in the analysis of radicalization in individuals who operate autonomously from more radicalized groups. These lone actors or lone wolves are more difficult to spot as there is no unique identification because they operate as self-determined women or men. A focus of the current study is on the radicalization of children and women. The use of ethnographic research also using Internet sources has provided satisfactory results in the analysis of radicalization while reducing the risk and difficulties of approaching a sample population (terrorists, lone wolves, and radical groups) that, most of the time, is remote, dangerous and concealed to public scrutiny. Emphasis is also provided to the stages of development of radicalized thought and how radicalization can be understood in terms of cognitive and social development of the lone-wolf terrorist. The authors also explore how a radicalized leader can lever on the vulnerability of some individuals to radicalize them. Besides, the authors approach radicalized thought also as a logical fallacy and as a sign of dualistic thinking. Hence, a mix of cognitive, logical, and psychiatric triggers is analyzed in their potential to radicalize.
Introduction: Pregabalin (PGN) is an anxiolytic, analgesic, antiepileptic, and hypnotic medication.There are concerns about its abuse in the community for managing chronic insomnia and other risks when assumed in overdose or combination with other abuse substances. PGN is classified as a controlled medication. While its discontinuation is accompanied by rebound insomnia and other neurological symptoms, cross-tapering PGN with short-term diazepam (DZ) during inpatient admissions has shown promising results in dealing with PGN withdrawal symptoms accompanied by rebound insomnia. Material and Methods: We report three cases that began abusing their prescribed PGN. During hospital admission, our teams used a protocol for cross-tapering PGN with DZ to reduce withdrawal symptoms. Other sedative medications are suspended while alcohol is not allowed if patients are on leave from the hospital. Standardized scales for assessment were clinical global impression scale-severity (CGI-S), generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7), and insomnia severity index (ISI). Results: The cross-tapering PGN with DZ showed similar clinical outcomes with reduced withdrawal symptoms and rebound insomnia during two weeks of cross-tapering. Eventually, DZ, too, is stopped in the hospital to avoid another dependence syndrome. Conclusion: As emerging in the current study, PGN has strong addictive effects in people who have insomnia and is mostly abused for its hypnotic or sleep-inducing properties when other medications have failed. As applied in the current study, DZ can manage PGN withdrawal symptoms with rebound insomnia while cross-tapering. DZ is then discontinued.
The world has been the scene of many alarming scenarios of terrorist attacks from radicalised people who act individually without formal membership to any terrorist group. They are called 'lone wolves' or 'lone actors.' Mental-health professionals can help identify and prevent radicalisation by robust assessment of people at risk of radicalisation. Also, community mental-health practitioners are in the privileged position to detect social signs that are indicative of a radicalised entourage which might favour potential victims of it, including children. The current Delphi study, conducted by psychiatrists familiar with radicalisation in different countries and across varied cultures and explains major aspects of the psychiatry of radicalisation in the lone-wolf.Radicalisation is defined as "The action or process of causing someone to adopt radical positions on political or social issues" [1]. Similarly, 'radical' derives from the Latin 'radix or root [2]. Radicalisation has diverse components consisting of the person who is radicalised, the person who is radicalising, and the outcome action resulting in a terrorist attack. One could perhaps describe this process as the "Radicalisation Triangle". Radicalisation has also been defined as a behaviour by which individuals embrace a political, social or religious ideology that leads to terrorist acts [3].Prevent ® defines radicalisation as the practice leading people to endorse terrorism or radical ideologies leading to terrorism [4].Brutal radicalism exacerbates feelings of uncertainty, which can lead to recurrent conflicts; these last will then jeopardize economic development hence triggering a vicious circle of radicalisa-tion↔economic instability [5]. In recent years, more devastating terrorist attacks have been conducted by lone-wolves who were living in the country, region or town where the attacks occurred.
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