To study age of presentation, causes, modes of presentation, investigations and management of several consecutive cases of undescended testis presenting to general surgery department. Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted on 60 patients presenting with undescended testis to general surgery and paediatrics department during the period January 2016 to august 2018.al the demographic variables studied, their percentages calculated with respect to total number of cases and all the data tabulated. Results: in this study of 60 patients, about (45)75% of them belonged to 2-5 years age group. 20% (12) of them presented between 5 to 10 years.as many as 24(40%) were noticed by parents and 36 (60%) were identified by consulting paediatricians during regular Checkup and were referred to surgeons. As per the position of testis is concerned, about 90% (54) of them were found in inguinal canal followed by high scrotal and intra-abdominal positions in that order. Ultrasound scan identified the position of testis in almost all the cases. Orchiodopexy was success full in 95% of cases. Conclusion:Children with undescended testis usually present in 2 -10 years age group with most of them first noticed by their parents. The common location of undescended testis is in the inguinal canal and ultasound scan is effective in diagnosing the condition. Orchidopexy gave good results and so can be considered as the procedure of choice.
Background: The transition from a fetus to a newborn is the most complex adaptation that occurs in human experience. This study assessed three physiological parameters viz. temperature (core and peripheral), oxygen saturation and heart rate so as to avoid the delay in normal transitional adaptation.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done at Narayana Medical College Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 150 neonates born from June 2017 to February 2018 were monitored for heart rate, oxygen saturation, core and peripheral temperature from birth to 60 minutes.Results: Most of the mother’s (45.33%) were aged between 22 to 25 years and the mean age was 23.75±3.64 years. History of consanguineous marriage was noted in 33.33%. The mode of delivery was vaginal in 70.67% of the babies. The mean gestational age was 38.74±1.36 weeks. The birth weight among 62% of the babies was between 2.5 to 3.49 Kgs and mean birth weight was 2.81±0.49 kgs. The meconium stained liquor and requirement of resuscitation was noted in 9.33% and 10.67% respectively.Conclusions: Significant difference was noted with regard to heart rate in babies with active resuscitation, low birth weight (<2.5 kg), meconium stained liquor and warmer care compared to normal babies. There was variation in oxygen saturation in babies who required resuscitation and warmer care, and those who had low birth weight. The mean peripheral and core temperature were different in babies with abdominal care compared to warmer care.
Background: The aim was to explore etiology, clinical course of neonatal seizure sand their and outcome in Narayana Medical College Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.Methods: Retrospective study of 65 neonates from 1 month to 1 year diagnosed with epilepsy between November 2016 to August 2018.Results: Most common type of seizures seen are subtle (40%), followed by multifocalclonic (20%), tonic (21%), focal clonic (9.2%), clonic (7.7%) and myoclonic (1.6%). Most common cause of neonatal seizures was HIE (41.5%), followed by hypoglycemia (13.8%), intracranial bleed (10.8%), septicemia (10.8%), hypocalcemia (7.7%). The morality percentage is high (18.2%) when seizures occurred before 12 hours, when seizures occurred between 24-48 hrs it is 14.3%, and mortality was least when seizures occurred between 2-6 days (12.5%). Seizures are common in stage IIHIE (81.5%) compared to Stage I &Stage III. Seizures with adverse outcome are generalized myoclonic and focal clonic seizures. Focal clonic and focal tonic seizures are most often associated with focal injury. Generalized tonic seizures, motor automatism and some myoclonic seizures are associated with diffuse brain injury. Prolonged seizure activity, seizures lasting for many days, repetitive seizures, and the need for multiple anticonvulsants to control seizure activity are associated with an increased mortality.Conclusions: Authors conclude that prompt recognition, evaluation and treatment of these neonatal events are important in improving the survival of neonates with seizures.
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